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Kisa Makamancin Ganganci

Daga wikishia

Kisa mai kama da ganganci, (Larabci: القتل شبه العمد) wani nau'in kisa ne wanda mai kisa ba shi da niyar yin kisa, hakazalika aikin da aka yi ya kai ga kisa a al'adance ba a lissafa shi a matsayin aikin da yake kashe mutum a kankin kanshi, sai dai kuma mai kisa ya yi wannan aiki ne bisa ganganci, kamar aikin likitanci wanda ya kai ga kashe mara lafiya, amma ba tare da niyar kisa ba. Kisan da ya yi kama da ganganci kisa ne wanda yake saɓanin kisan ganganci, da kisan da ba na ganganci ba, na farko shi mai kisa yana yin niyyar kisa, amma na biyu, watau kisa mai kama da ganganci wanda ya yi kisan bai yi niyyar kisa ba, kuma aikin na shi ma ba ya kisa amma sai aka yi rashin sa'a, sai ya yi kisa.

Kan abin da malaman fiƙihu suka ambata cewa shi kisa da ya yi kama da na ganganci ba a kashe mutum saboda shi, amma sai dai shi wanda ya yi kisan zai ba da diyya cikakkiya ga ƴan uwan wanda ya kashe kuma ya ba da kaffara, ta ƴanta bawa, idan ba zai iya ba, to sai ya yi azumi na wata biyu a jere, idan bai iya ba sai ya ciyar da talakawa 60.

Muhimmanci

Kisa mai kama da ganganci ɗaya ne daga cikin nau'ukan kisa da aka ambata a fiƙihun Musulunci,[1] kuma tabbas malaman fiƙihu sun ambaci wannan kisa a babuka na ƙisasi da diyya kuma sun ambaci hukuncinshi dalla-dalla,[2] nuni da bayani kan wannan kisa ya zo a wasu litattafai na hadisi a ƙarƙashin take na masamman,[3] aya ta 92 suratul nisa'i tana nuni kan kisan daba na ganganci ba, da bayani kan wajabcin ba da diyya kan shi, kazalika malaman tafsiri sun ɗabbaƙa wannan aya kan yanayi na kisa makamancin ganganci.[4]

Ma'anar Kisa Mai Kama Da Ganganci

Kisa mai kama da ganganci shi ne kashe mutum ba tare da niyya ba, saboda shi aikin da ya kai ga kashe wannan mutum a bisa al'ada a kan-kanshi ba ya kisa, sai dai cewa kuma ya yi wannan aiki ne da gangan,[5] Alal misali aikin likita wanda ba tare da niyya ba yana iya kai wa ga kashe mara lafiya,[6] ladabtar da yaro da ubansa yake yi, duk da ba da niyya ba yana iya zama sababin mutuwar yaro.[7]

A litattafai na fiƙihu da na dokoki an amabci nau'i biyu na kisa waɗanda suke kishiyantar kisan da ya yi kama dana ganganci, gasu kamar haka; kisan ganganci da kisan da ba na ganganci ba.[8]

Kisan ganganci yana tabbata da hanyar aikata wani aiki wanda bisa al'ada yana kai wa ga kisa sannan ya zamo mutum ya aikata haka ne domin ya yi kisa, amma shi kisan da ba na ganganci yana tabbata ne ta hanyar aikata wani aiki da bisa al'ada yana kaiwa ga kisa, amma shi wanda ya aikata aikin ba shi da niyar kisa, kamar mutum ya harbi wani naman daji, amma bisa kuskure sai harbin ya sami wani mutum sai ya mutu,[9]. a daidai lokacin da shi kisan da ya yi kama da ganganci shi bisa al'ada abin da ya yi ba ya kaiwa ga kisa kuma ba shi da niyyar kisa.[10]

Kisan ganganci yana da wata matsala guda ɗaya cewa malamai sun sami saɓani wajan bayyana haƙiƙanin mene ne kisan da ya yi kama ganganci, saboda da shi kisan ganganci an fitar da shi ne daga cikin abu biyu daga kisan ganganci da wanda ba kisan ganganci ba,[11] saboda shi kisan da ya yi kama da na ganganci ta fuskacin yin aikin da gangan yana kama da kisan ganganci, amma ta fuskacin rashin niyyar kisa yana kama da kisan da ba na ganganci ba,[12] misali idan mutum ya zama sanadiyar jin ciwu ko rashin lafiya ga wani, ta yadda ba zai mutu ba nan take, sai dai daga baya, to anan malaman fiƙihu sun sami saɓani kan cewa wannan kisa na ganganci ne ko kuma kisa ne da ya yi kama da na ganganci.[13]

Hukuncin Kisan Da Ya Yi Kama Da Ganganci

Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, ba a kashe wanda ya kashe mutum ta hanyar kisan da ya yi kama da na ganganci, sai dai cewa ya wajaba kan wanda ya yi kisan ya ba da diyya,[14] za a ba da diyya ne cikin shekara biyu kuma daga cikin dukiyar wanda ya yi kisan,[15] ya zo a cikin litattafai na fiƙihu cewa wajabcin biyan diyya yana saraya ta hanyar yafiya daga mai haƙƙin kazalika biyan diyya yana saraya ta hanyar wanke wanda ake tuhuma, misali idan likita ya sa sharaɗi kafin ya fara aiki cewa idan marar lafiyar ya mutum ba zai biya diyya ba, sai marar lafiyar ko makusantashi suka yarda da hakan, to anan bisa fatawar mashahurin malamai ba wajibi bane likita ya biya diyya.[16]

Bisa abin da malaman fiƙihu suka faɗa shi ne a kisan da ya yi kama da na ganganci bayan biya diyya wajibi ne ya ƙara da yin kaffara,[17] Bisa ra'ayi Mashahur[18] kaffarar ita ce ƴanta bawa idan ba zai iya ba sai ya yi azumi na wata biyu a jere idan ya kasa sai ya ciyar da talakawa 60.[19]

Kisan Da Ya Yi Kama Da Ganganci A Dokokin Wasu Ƙasashe

An ambaci kisan mai kama da ganganci cikin dokokin hukunta mutum a wasu daga cikin ƙasashe. Daga cikinsu akwai Iran da Aljeriya da Iraƙ, a Iran an iyakance nau'in hukunci guda biyu a doka a shekara ta 1925 miladiyya, amma bayan juyin juya halin Muslunci da aka yi a shekara ta 1979 miladiyya, an rubuta dokar da an amince da dokokin hukunci kan lefin aikaa kisa kashi uku wanda na ukun shi ne kisan da ya yi kama da na ganganci.[20]

A Iraƙi dokar hukunta masu lefi ta tabbatar da cewa duk wanda ya kashe wani mutum bisa kuskure ko kuma ya yi sanadiyar kashe wani mutum ba da gangan ba, ta hanyar sakaci ko rashin kulawa, to za a hukunta shi ta hanyar tsare shi a gidan gyaran hali ko a yi mi shi tara.[21]

Amma dokokin Aljeriya sun kira kisan da ya yi kama da na ganganci da cewa wani nau'i ne na duka da ciwo mai kaiwa ga mutuwa wanda aka yi da gangan ba tare da niyyar kashe mutum ba, to wanada ya aikata hakan za a yi mi shi hukuncin zaman gidan gyaran hali na wani lokaci, daga shekara goma zuwa ashirin.[22]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi, Fiqh al-Qur'an, 1405 AH, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 414.
  2. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'i"ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 228; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 42, shafi na 7; Al-Sabzwari, Mahazzab al-Ahkam, 1413 AH, juzu'i. 29, shafi na. 62.
  3. ↑ Elkini, Kafi, 1407 AH, vol. 7, ku. 278; Al-Hurrul al-Amili, Wasa'il al-Shia, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 29, shafi. 35.
  4. ↑ Al-Tabari, Jami al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 136; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Al-Mafatihul al-Gheeb, 1420 AH, vol. 10, shafi na 176-177; Makarem Al-Shirazi, Tafsir al-amsal, 1374, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 71.
  5. ↑ Karaji, Ayat al-Ahkam al-Huquqiyya Wal Jaza'iyya Juza'i, 2015, shafi. 45.
  6. ↑ Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, 1362 AH, Juzu'i. 43, shafi na 46-47; Montazeri, Ahakam al-Atibba, 1427 AH, shafi. 51; Fazil al-Ankarani, Ahakam al-Tibbi Wal Marda, 1427 AH, shafi. 187.
  7. ↑ Karaji, Ayat al-Ahkam al-Huquqiyya Wal Jaza'iyya Juza'i, 2015, shafi. 45.
  8. ↑ Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi, Fiqh al-Qur'an, 1405 AH, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 414.
  9. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 228
  10. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 228
  11. ↑ Hatami Wa Akharin., "Tashkis Qatle Shabhi Amdi Fi Fiqhil Imamiyya Wa Nizami Iran Wa Faransa," shafi. 115.
  12. ↑ Malmir Wa Akharin., "Mi'iyar Qatle Shabhe Amdi Fi Fqhil Imamiyya Wa Qawanin Iran Alwaz'iyya", shafi na. 56.
  13. ↑ Muassase Da'irat Ma'arifl Fiqhil Islami, Farhanq Fiqh, 2017, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 492.
  14. ↑ Al-Halli, Tahrir al-Ahkam al-Sharia, 1420 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 527; Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi, Fiqh al-Qur'an, 1405 AH, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 415.
  15. ↑ Al-Muhaqq al-Hilli, Shara'i'ul al-Islam, 1408H, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 229; Al-Shaheed al-Thani, al-Rawda al-Bahiyyah, Jamal al-Fakr al-Islami, Juzu'i. 4, shafi. 488; Al-Imam Al-Khomaini, Tahrir al-Wsilah, Dar al-Alam, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 556-557.
  16. ↑ Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, 1362 AH, Juzu'i. 43, shafi na 46-47; Montazeri, Ahakam al-Tibbi, 1427 AH, shafi. 51; Fazil al-Ankarani, Ahakam al-Atibba Wal Marda, 1427 AH, shafi. 187.
  17. ↑ Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi, Fiqh al-Qur'an, 1405 AH, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 415; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, 1362 AH, vol. 43, ku. 407; Montazeri, Al-Ahkam al-Shar'iyya, 1413 AH, shafi. 564.
  18. ↑ Muassaseh Da'irati Ma'arifil Islami, Farhanq Fiqh, 2017, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 495.
  19. ↑ Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi, Fiqh al-Qur'an, 1405 AH, Juzu'i. 2, shafi. 415; Al-Najafi, Jawaher Kalam, 1362 AH, vol. 43, ku. 407; Montazeri, Al-Ahkam al-Shar'iyya, 1413 AH, shafi. 564.
  20. ↑ Hatami Wa Akharun, "Tashkisil Qatli Shibhil Al-Amdi FI Fiqhil Imamiyya", shafi. 124.
  21. ↑ Madda (411) Min Qanunil Al-uqubat Al-iraqi
  22. ↑ Didan Mavloud, Penal Code, Disamba 2012, Dar Balqis, Bayda, shafi 89-91.

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