Isma'il Ɗan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S)

Daga wikishia
(an turo daga Isma'il Bin Jafar)

Isma'il ɗan Jafar (Larabci: إسماعيل بن جعفر الصادق) (Wafati:143 ko 145, h, ƙ) ya kasance babban ɗan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) wanda isma'iliyya suke imani da cewa shi ko ɗansa Muhammad ɗayansu shi ne Imami bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S). sai dai cewa a ra'ayin imamiyya kuma kan asasin hadisai da suka zo daga Annabi (S.A.W) Musa ɗan Jafar (A.S) shi ne Imami bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), imani da imamancin Isma'il shi ne farkon ɓarewar isma'iliyyawa daga imamiyya da kafa firƙar isma'iliyya.

Akwai saɓanin game da tarihin rayuwar Isma'il, wasu ba'ari bisa jingina da wasu riwayoyi sun bayyana cewa ya kasance yana da alaƙa da gullat masu wuce gona da iri, amma Ayatullahi Khuyi tare da warware shubuhar da take tattare da waɗannan riwayoyi da kuma dogara da wasu riwayoyin daban ya tabbatar dacewa Isma'il ya kasance babban mutum mai mutunci da ya samu soyayya daga mahaifinsa.

Isma'il tun lokacin da Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya kasance a raye ya mutu, ya binne shi a baƙi'a. Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya yi jana'izarsa da binne shi a kan idon jama'a ya kuma sanya mutane su kasance shaida kan mutuwarsa domin kawar da duk wata shubuha cikin imamanci da batun alƙawarin dawowarsa. Haka nan bisa riwayoyi game da mutuwar Isma'il an bayyana cewa bada' ne ya faru. Saboda ba'arin ƴan shi'a suna raya cewa shi ne Imami sai mutuwarsa ta bayyanar da cewa bai kasance Imami ba.

Rayuwa Da Iyali

Shi Isma'il ya kasance ɗa ga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) da Faɗima ya kuma kasance jikan Imam Sajjad (A.S).[1] ba ambaci tarihin haihuwarsa ba cikin madogaran tarihi. Amma tare da haka bisa jingina da wasu tarihin haihuwar Imam Kazim (A.S) an haife shi ne a shekara ta 127.[2] ko 128, hijira ƙamari,[3] tare da bambanci shekara 25 tsakanin Imam Kazim (A.S) da Isma'il,[4] ana ƙaddara haihuwar Isma'il ɗan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) a farkon ƙarni na biyu.[5]

Ali ɗan Muhammad Alawi Amri ya ba da rahoto cewa Isma'il ya rasu a shekara ta 138 h, ƙ,[6] daidai lokacin da kuma ɗabari marubucin littafin Tarikh Ɗabari ya ba da labarin kasancewarsa a raye har shekara ta 140 h, ƙ.[7] akwai wasu rahotanni game da rasuwar a shekara ta 143[8] da 145 h, ƙ.[9]

Zuriyar Isma'il ta yaɗu daga tsatson ƴaƴan biyu Muhammad da Ali.[10] Muhammad yana da ƴaƴa guda biyu da ake kira Isma'il da Jafar.[11] Ali shi ma yana da ɗa da ake kira Muhammad.[12]

Jikokin Isma'il sun zauna a garuruwa misalin Khurasan, Naishabur, Samarra,[13] Damashƙi,[14] Mirsa,[15] Ahwaz, Kufa, Bagdad,[16] Yaman,[17] Sur,[18] Halab[19]] da ƙum.

Aminci Da Halaye

A cewar Ayatullahi Khuyi malamin shi'a masanin fannin ilimin rijal (Rayuwa:1278-1371, h, ƙ) game da aminci da ingancin halayen Isma'il akwai rukuni biyu daga gayyar riwayoyi, wasu ba'arin daga riwayoyin sun kawo yabo kansa wasu kuma sun yi zargi kansa.[20] kan asasin riwayoyin da suka zo daga zargi kansa sun labarta cewa yana da alaƙa da gullat misalin Mufaddal Ɗan Umar da Bassam Sairafi kuma Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya nuna rashin jin daɗinsa kan wannan alaƙa da mu'amala da taek tsakaninsu da shi.[21] haka nan ya kasance yana zuwa wasu wurare da suka zama sababin sanya alamar tambaya kan kyawuntar halayensa.[22] Ayatullahi Khuyi ya tabbatar da rashin ingancin isnadin da ma'anar riwayoyin da suke suka da zargi kan Isma'il[23] tare da rinjayar da riwayoyin da suka yi yabo kansa, da wannan ne ya gabatar da Isma'il matsayin babban mutum ma'abocin girma da mutunci da ya samu soyayyar mahaifinsa.[24]

Wasu ba'arin malamai sun yi ishara game da alaƙar Isma'il da firƙar khiɗabiyya da kuma rawar da ya taka cikin samuwar firƙar Isma'aliyya. A cewarsu Abul Khaɗɗab da Isma'ail a zamanin rayuwar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) sun kasance suna taimakekeniya tsakanin junansu, sun ƙirƙiri aƙidu da suka kasance tushen Isma'iliyya,[25] an ce babu dalili kan wannan magana.[26] Lobis massignon bature mai nazari kan muslunci ɗan ƙasar faransa shi ma yana ganin cewa Abu Khaɗɗab ya kasance matsayin murshidin Isma'il.[27] na'am Khazi Nu'uman Magribi Faƙihin Isma'iliyya (Rayuwa:283-363, h, ƙ) ya ƙaryata batun gudummawar Abu Khaɗɗab cikin samuwar Isma'iliyya, bayyana cewa Abul Khaɗɗab ya kasance ɗan bidi'a da Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya tsinewa.[28]

Alaƙarsa Da Mansur Abbasi

Muhammad ɗan Jarir ɗabari marubucin tarihi a ƙarni na uku ya naƙalto cewa a shekarar 140, h, ƙ, Mansur Abbasi ya yi tafiya zuwa makka domin aikin hajji, wasu adadin alawiyyawa misalin Muhammad Nafsuz zakiyya da Ibrahim ɗan Abdullahi Mahaz da wasu mutane daga garin khurasan su ma sun shirya taro a makka, ba'arinsu sun yanke shawarar kashe Mansur sai dai cewa Muhammad ya nuna rashin amincewartsa, Isma'il wanda ake zargi ya tseguntawa Mansur shawarar da aka yanke kan shirin halaka shi, sai Mansur ya sa aka kama Abdullahi da ɗansa ya kuma nemi ya nemo masa ƴaƴansa sai dai cewa Abdullahi bai ba shi haɗin kai ba daga ƙarshe dai ya jefa Abdullahi cikin kurkuku tare da kwace dukiyarsa.[29]

Da'awat Imamancin Isma'il

Mahangar Imamiyya

Malaman imamiyya sun ƙaryata samuwar nassi kan imamancin Isma'il, sun kuma naƙalto riwayoyi da suke ƙaryata imamancin Isma'il.[30] daga jumlar waɗannan riwayoyi akwai hadis lauhu[31] da hadis Jabir[32] wanda kan asasinsu Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi bayanin sunayen Imamai goma sha biyu, cikinsu aya ambaci sunan imamin da zai kasance bayan Jafar ɗan Muhammad wanda shi ne Musa bawai Isma'il ba. Haka nan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) a wurare masu yawa ya shelantawa keɓantattun sahabbansa imamancin Musa ɗan Jafar, cikin ko wane ɗaya daga litattafan nan misalin Al-kafi,[33] Al-irshad,[34] I'ilamul Al-wara[35] da Biharul Al-anwar,[36] akwai keɓantaccen babi game da nassoshin da suka zo kan imamancin Musa ɗan Jafar (A.S) a jere an rawaito riwayoyi 16, 46, 12 da 14.[37]

Bayyanar Da Rasuwarsa

Bisa wata riwaya daga Zurara Ɗan A'ayun bayan Isma'il ya rasu kafin a binne shi, Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya sanya fiye da mutum talatin daga sahabbansa shaida kan tabbatar da rasuwar Isma'il.[38] haka nan an masa wanka, likkafani da jana'izarsa duk kan idanun mutane[39] ya kuma ba da umarni a yi na'ibanci Isma'il a yi aikin hajji da sunansa.[40] manufa da hadafin Imam daga wannan aiki da ya yi shi ne rusa wahamin imani da imamancinsa bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) da wasu suke kasance suna yi.[41] amma duk da haka wasu ba'ari basu gushe ba kan aƙidar imani da imamancin Isma'il sun yi imani da cewa an shirya cewa ya rasu ne domin yaudarar mutane da kuma kare ransa dana mutanen da suke tare da shi.[42]

Mahangar Isma'iliyya

Tushen ƙasida: Isma'iliyya

Isama'iliyya wata firƙa ce daga cikin firƙoƙin da suka ɓulla bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) mabiyan wannan firƙa suna imani da imamancin Isma'il ko ɗansa Muhammad Ɗan Isma'il.[43] a aƙidar Mubarakiyya da ƙaramiɗa daga rassan firƙar Isma'iliyya, imamanci bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya koma zuwa hannun Muhammad ɗan Isma'il, saboda shi Isma'il ya kasance magajin Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) sakamakon rasuwarsa a lokacin da Imam yake raye sai Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya sallama imamanci ga hannun ɗansa Muhammad. A imaninsu tun bayan imamancin Hasanaini (A.S) baya halasta imamanci ya cirata daga ɗan'uwa zuwa ɗan'uwa.[44] Sa'ad Ɗan Abdullahi Ash'ari ya jingina wannan aƙida zuwa ga Isma'iliyya khalisa ko khiɗabiyya.[45] ba'arin ƴan Isma'iliyya su ma sun yi imani da cewa Isma'il bai mutu ba, bari dai shi ne Mahadi Mau'ud.[46] duk da haka cikin madogaran ƴan Isma'iliyya da rubuce-rubucen babban malaminsu Khazi Nu'uman ingantaccen nassi bai zo ba game da imamancin Isma'il.[47] duk da cewa Jafar Ɗan Mansur Al-yaman mai kira zuwa ga aƙidar Isma'iliyya a ƙarshen ƙarni na uku da farko-farkon ƙarni na huɗu hijira ƙamari, ya kawo hadisai game da imamancin Isma'il ba tare da ambato silsilar isnadin marawaitansu ba.[48] haka nan cikin ba'arin madogarai ya zo cewa halifofin daular faɗimiyya na farko sun gabatar da Abdullahi Afɗahu matsayin Imami maimakon ɗan'uwansa Isma'il, bayan wani lokaci sai suka janye suka sake bijiro da aƙidar imamancin Isma'il.[49]

Bada'u Game da Isma'il

Kan asasin ba'arin riwayoyi game da lokacin mutuwar Isma'il bada'u ya faru domin mutane su kwana da sanin cewa ba shi ne Imami ba a bayan mahaifinsa.[50] saboda akwai wasu jama'a daga ƴan shi'a da suka kasance suna raya cewa Isma'il shi ne Imami bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) sai mutuwarsa ta bayyana da cewa ba shi ne Imami ba bayansa, Musa ɗan Jafar ne Imami bayan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S).[51] na'am madogaran Isma'liyya ba su danganta riwayoyin bada'u da mutuwar Isma'il ba.[52]

Mahallin Da Aka Binne Shi

Isma'in ɗan Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ya rasu a wani yanki da ake kira da suna Uraizu wuri da ya kasance kusa da garin madina, sannan an binne shi a maƙabartar baƙi'a.[53] a zamanin halifancin faɗimiyya (Shekara: 297-567, h, ƙ) an gina hubbare kan ƙabarinsa.[54] makwancinsa ya kasance wajen baƙi'a da nisan mita goma sha biyar zuwa katangar baƙi'a, daga ɓangaren yammaci fuskar makwancin Imamai da aka binne a baƙi'a.[55] ƙabarin Isma'il yana samun ziyarar ƴan shi'a musammam Isma'iliyya.[56] mahajjatan ƙasar Iran yayin ziyararsu garin madina yawanci suna ziyartar maƙabartar baƙi'a, kuma suna kai ziyara wannan ƙabari na Isma'il.[57]

A cewar Muhammad Sadiƙ Najami (Rayuwa: 1315-1390, shamsi) a shekarar 1394 lokacin da ake ginin ƙasan titin yammacin maƙabartar baƙi'a, an rusa kewayen katangar ƙabarin Isma'il, jita-jita ya yaɗu cewa an samu gangar jikin Isma'il lafiya ƙalau bayan shuɗawar ƙarnoni masu yawa, daga ƙarshe an ɗauke gangar jikinsa an shigar da ita cikin maƙabartar baƙi'a an sake binne shi daga ɓangaren gabas inda aka binne shahidan waƙi'ar harra da nisan mita goma daga ƙabarin Halimatus Sa'adiya wace ta yi rainon Manzon Allah (S.A.W).[58]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Al-Irshad, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 209
  2. ↑ Tabari, Dalai'l al-Imamah, 1403 AH, shafi na 303.
  3. ↑ Tabarsi, I`ilam Al-Wara, 1417 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 6.
  4. ↑ Abu Hatem Razi, Al-Zayna, shafi na 288, da ruwaya daga Habibi Mazaheri, “Isma'il bin Jaafar,” shafi na 648.
  5. ↑ Habibi Mazaheri, Dayrat al-Ma'arif, Bozorg Islami, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 648.
  6. ↑ Omri, Al-Majdi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 100.
  7. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, 1387H, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 524.
  8. ↑ Zarkali, Al-Alam, 1980, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 311.
  9. ↑ Subhani, Farhang, Akayid Wa Mazahib Isalmi, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 296.
  10. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Al-Shajarah al-Mubarakah, 1409 AH, shafi na 101.
  11. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Al-Shajarah al-Mubarakah, shafi na 101.
  12. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Al-Shajarah al-Mubarakah, 1409 AH, shafi na 103.
  13. ↑ Bukhari, Sir Al-Silsilah Al-Alawiyya, 1413 AH, shafi na 36.
  14. ↑ Hamvi, Mojam al-Beldan, 1995, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 469.
  15. ↑ Hamvi, Mojam al-Beldan, 1995, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 142.
  16. ↑ Alavi, al-Majdi, 1409 AH, shafi na 103. ↑
  17. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikhul Islam, 1410H, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 37.
  18. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikhul Islam, 1410, juzu'i na 30, shafi na 309. ↑
  19. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1410H, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 40. ↑
  20. ↑ Duba Nouri, Khatama al-Mustadrak, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi.485.
  21. ↑ Duba Khooi, Mujam Rijal al-Hadith, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 124-127.
  22. ↑ Kashi, Rizal al-Kashi, 1409 AH, shafi 245; Khoi, Majam Rijal al-Hadith, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 125.
  23. ↑ Misali, duba Sadouq, Kamaluddin, 1395H, juzu'i na 1, shafi:70.
  24. ↑ Khoei, Majam Rijal al-Hadith, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 127.
  25. ↑ لویس‌، The Origins of Isma'ilism، ص۴۲ به‌نقل از حبیبی مظاهری، «اسماعیل بن جعفر»، ج۹، ص۶۵۰.
  26. ↑ Habibi Mazaheri, Dayrat al-Ma'arif, Bozorg Islami, juzu'i na 9, 650.
  27. ↑ Duba Badawi, Shaksiyat Qafileh,, shafi na 19, wanda Habibi Mazaheri ya nakalto, Dayiratu Ma'arif Buzurge Islami, shafi na 649.
  28. ↑ Qazi Nu'man, Da'aim al-Islam, 1385 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 49-50.
  29. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, 1387H, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 524.
  30. ↑ Misali, duba Sadouq, Kamaluddin, 1395 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 70-71.
  31. ↑ Misali, duba Kulaini, al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 527-528.
  32. ↑ Tabarsi, Alwara, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi 182.
  33. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 311-307.
  34. ↑ Mofid, Al-Arshad, 1413 AH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 216-222.
  35. ↑ Tabarsi, I`lam al-Wara, 1417 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 7-16.
  36. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 BC, juzu'i na 48, shafi na 12-29.
  37. ↑ Tarin Jam'i az Nawisandegan, Majmu'eh Makalat Sireh wa zamaneh Imam Kazem, 1392H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 79, 81.
  38. ↑ Nomani, Al-Ghaybah, 1397 AH, shafi na 328.
  39. ↑ Nomani, Al-Ghaybah, 1397 AH, shafi na 328.
  40. ↑ Ibn Shahr Ashub, Al-Manaqib, 1379 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 266.
  41. ↑ Tabarsi, I`ilam al-Wara, 1417 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi 546; Ibn Shahr Ashub, Al-Manaqib, 1379 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 266.
  42. ↑ Al-Milal wal-Nihal, 1344 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 226; Juwayni, Tarikh Jahangshay, 1385 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 146.
  43. ↑ Mufid, Al-Fusul Al-Mukhtara, 1413 AH, shafi na 306.
  44. ↑ Duba Mofid, Al-Fusul Al-Mukhtarah, 1413 AH, shafi na 306.
  45. ↑ Ash'ari, Al-Maqalat al-Farq, 1360, shafi na 81.
  46. ↑ Duba Ash'ari, al-Maqalat al-Farq, 1998, shafi na 79.
  47. ↑ Habibi Mazaheri, Dayrat al-Ma'arif, Bozorg Islami, juzu'i na 9, 650.
  48. ↑ Jafar bin Mansour Aliman, Saraer wa Asrar al-Natqa, 1404H, shafi na 256.
  49. ↑ Ibn Hazm, Jamrah Ansab al-Arab, 1403 AH, shafi na 59.
  50. ↑ Sadouq, Kitab al-Tawhid, Al-Nashar al-Islami, shafi na 336.
  51. ↑ Sobhani, Al-Badaa Al zau'i kitab wa Sunna, 1392, shafi na 131. ↑
  52. ↑ Jafar Mansour Aliman, Saraer wa Asrar al-Natqa, 1404 AH, shafi na 246-247.
  53. ↑ Alavi, al-Majdi, 1409 AH, shafi na 100-99.
  54. ↑ Mutari, Al-Tafrif Bama Anset al-Hijrah, 1426H, shafi na 121.
  55. ↑ Najmi, Tarikh A'immati Baqi, 1380H, shafi na 290-289.
  56. ↑ Ayashi, al-Madina al-Munawarah Fi Rehlati al-Ayashi, 1406 AH, shafi 175.
  57. ↑ Misali, duba Safrenameh Hajji Farhad Mirza Motamedal Doulah, shafi na 158.
  58. ↑ Najmi, Tarikh A'immati Baqi, 1380H, shafi na 300-302

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