Daƙiƙa:Musulunci Shi Ne Gwamnati
Musulunci shi ne gwamnati Wannan magana tana daga cikin batutuwan fiƙihun siyasa, kuma Imam Khomaini, wanda ya kafa tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ya yi amfani da ita wajen bayyana ra'ayinsa game da alaƙar Musulunci da gwamnati.[1]
A bisa wannan ra'ayi, Musulunci bai ƙunshi hukunce-hukuncen mutum ɗaya da ibadodi kawai ba; a'a, yana kuma da hukunce-hukunce da manufofin gudanar da al'umma. Saboda haka, gwamnatin Musulunci tana da alhakin aiwatar da waɗannan hukunce-hukunce da kuma tabbatar da manufofin zamantakewar Musulunci.[2]
Imam Khomaini yana kallon gwamnati a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin al'amuran wilayar Annabi (S.A.W), kuma yana ɗaukarta a cikin hukunce-hukuncen farko na Musulunci. Saboda haka, a ra'ayinsa, gwamnati tana da fifiko a kan wasu hukunce-hukuncen farko kamar sallah, azumi da Hajji.[3] Wannan ra'ayi yana jaddada alaƙar Musulunci da siyasa, da kuma matsayin gwamnati wajen tabbatar da koyarwar zamantakewar Musulunci. Wannan ya sa wannan ra'ayi ya bambanta da ra'ayoyin masu neman raba hukumomin addini da na siyasa,[4] ko kuma raba addini da siyasa.[5]
Imam Khomaini ya yi amfani da wannan magana a cikin bahasin Wilayatul-Faƙihi, musamman wajen bayyana wata ruwaya daga Imam Musa Kazim (A.S) game da matsayin malaman addini. A cikin wannan ruwaya, an misalta malaman fiƙihu da ganuwar Musulunci.[6]
Imam Khomaini ya danganta wannan misali da nauyin malaman addini na gudanar da al'amuran al'umma. A ra'ayinsa, malamin fiƙihu domin ya cika wannan nauyi ya kamata ya ɗauki alhakin gudanar da gwamnatin Musulunci. Wannan nauyi ya haɗa da aiwatar da hukunce-hukunce da haddodi, tabbatar da adalci, samar da tsaro, gudanar da harkokin kuɗi, da kuma naɗa jami'an gwamnati.[7]
Haka kuma, Imam Khomaini ya jaddada cewa koyarwar Musulunci tana da ɓangaren zamantakewa da siyasa har ma a cikin ibadoji. A wata magana da ya yi wa Hamid Algar, masani ɗan Birtaniya kan Musulunci, ya ce:
Asalin Musulunci addini ne na siyasa... Musulunci addini ne wanda hatta hukunce-hukuncen ibadojinsa suna da alaƙar siyasa. Wannan Juma'a, waɗannan huɗubobin Juma'a, wannan Idi, waɗannan huɗubobin Idi, wannan jam'i, wannan taro, wannan Makka, wannan Mash'ar, wannan Mina, wannan Arafat, dukansu al'amuran siyasa ne.[8]
Bayan Imam Khomaini, wasu daga cikin masu tunani sun yi ƙoƙarin fassara wannan magana. Sayyid Muhammad Mahadi Mirbaƙiri, bisa ra'ayin Imam Khomaini, ya ɗauki gwamnati a matsayin abin da ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban na Musulunci, kuma ya fassara "Al-Islamu huwal-hukuma" da cewa gwamnati tana da matsayi na asali wajen aiwatar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a.[9]
Muhammad Jawad Fadil Lankarani ya ɗauki wannan magana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manya, muhimmai kuma mafi zurfin ra'ayoyin Imam Khomaini a fannin fiƙihu da siyasa.[10]
Ahmad Wa'izi, wani mai bincike a fannin fiƙihun Musulunci, ya fahimci wannan magana da cewa hukuncin gwamnati yana da fifiko a kan wasu daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen farko.[11]
Wasu masu bincike kuma sun fassara wannan magana a matsayin ra'ayi na ƙarshe na Imam Khomaini game da alaƙar Musulunci da gwamnati, wato ra'ayin cewa Musulunci da gwamnati suna da alaƙa kai tsaye, kuma suna ganin za a iya fahimtar wannan ra'ayi daga wasu ayoyin Alƙur'ani, kamar aya ta 13 Suratush Shura da aya ta 66 ta Suratul Ma'ida.[12]
Sayyid Ali Farahi, a cikin littafinsa Tahƙiƙ fi al-ƙawa'idil Fiƙhiyya, ya ɗauki kalmar "Al-Islamu huwal-hukuma" a matsayin magana da ke nuni ga bayyanar Musulunci a zahiri da kuma yadda yake bayyana a cikin tsarin rayuwar al'umma.[13]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Khomaini, Kitabul-Bai'i, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 672.
- ↑ Khomaini, Kitabul-Bai'i, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 672.
- ↑ Khomaini, Sahifatu Imam, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 452.
- ↑ Barƙai, Sekolaryazm az Nazar ta Amal, shafi na 18, 25–29.
- ↑ Masiri, Al-Ilmaniyya al-Juziyya wa al-Ilmaniyya ash-Shamila, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 471 da 472.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 38.
- ↑ Khomeini, Kitabul-Bai'i, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 672.
- ↑ Imam Khomeini, Sahifa Imam, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 362 da 363.
- ↑ Barresi-ye Ruykard-e Imam Khomaini dar Tarif-e Feqh-e Hokumati, Portal-na Imam Khomaini.
- ↑ Al-Islam huwa al-hukuma, mohem-tarin nazariye-ye feqhi-siyasi-ye Imam ast..., Shafin Shabake-ye Ijtehad.
- ↑ “Zamine-haye Sabet o Motaghayyer dar Feqh-e Eslam”, Al-Majma al-Alami lit-Taƙrib bain al-Mazahib al-Islamiyya.
- ↑ Fadel Lankarani wa Ƙasemi, Tafsiri Naw az Nazariye-ye Al-Islam Huwal Hukuma wa Mostanadat-e An, shafi na 7.
- ↑ Farahi, Tahƙiƙ fi al-Ƙawaid al-FiƘhiyya, shafi na 755.
Nassoshi
- Barƙai, Muhammad, Sekolaryazm az Nazar ta Amal, Tehran, ƙatra, bugu na farko, 1381Sh.
- Fadel Lankarani, Muhammad Jawad da Muhammad Ƙasemi, Tafsiri Naw az Nazariye-ye Al-Islam Huwal Hukuma wa Mostanadat-e An, (Ra'ayin Musulunci shi ne Hukuma da madogaransa) mujallar ilimi ta musamman Nazarin fiƙihu da Siyasa, lamba ta 3, shekara ta biyu, bazara da lokacin rani, 1401Sh/2022M.
- Farahi, Sayyid Ali, Tahƙiƙ Fi ƙawa'idil Fiƙhiyya, Qom, Cibiyar Nashril Islami, bugu na farko, 1430H.
- Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullah, Sahifa Imam, Tehran, Cibiyar Tanzim o Nashr-e Asar-e Imam Khomeini.(R), bugu na biyar, 1389Sh.
- Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullah, Kitabul-Bai'i, Tehran, Cibiyar- Tanzim o Nashr-e Asar-e Imam Khomeini. (KS), bugu na huɗu, 1392Sh.
- Kulaini, Muhammad bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, Tehran, Darul Kutubul Islamiyya, bugu na huɗu, 1407H.
- Maisari, Abdulwahhab, Al-Almaniyya Al-Juz'iyya Wal-Almaniyya Ash-Shamila, Beirut, Darush Shuruƙ, 1423H.
- «بررسی رویکرد امام خمینی(س) در تعریف فقه حکومتی»، (Binciken Ra'ayin Imam Khomaini (R) Wajen Bayyana Ma'anar Fiƙihun Gwamnati), shafin yanar na Imam Khomaini , ranar wallafa: 3 ga Maris, 2013M; ranar dubawa: 16 ga Agusta, 2026M.
- «الاسلام هو الحکومه مهمترین نظریه فقهی-سیاسی امام است...»، (Al-Islamu Huwal-Hukuma, Muhimmiyar Ƙa'idar Fiƙihu da Siyasa ta Imam Khomaini), Shabake Ijtihad, ranar wallafa: 25 ga Afrilu, 2026M; ranar dubawa: 17 ga Agusta, 2026M.
- «زمینه های ثابت و متغیر در فقه اسلام»، (Abubuwan da suke tabbatattu da waɗanda suke sauyawa a cikin fiƙihun Musulunci.), Majalisar Duniya ta Kusantar da Mazhabobin Musulunci, ranar wallafa: 23 ga Disamba, 2018M; ranar dubawa: 19 ga Agusta, 2026M.