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Daƙiƙa:Murtaddi Milli

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Murtaddi milli, (Larabci: المرتد الملي) kishiya ne na murtaddi fiɗri, wanda mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa ba su kasance Musulmi, shi da kansa ne bayan ya balaga ya zaɓi Muslunta da kansa, sai dai kuma daga baya ya fice daga Muslunci.

Murtaddi milli ana katange shi daga amfani da dukiyarsa, haka kuma ana fasakin aurensa (Warware shi), idan namiji murtaddi milli bai tuba ba, za a zartar masa da hukuncin kisa, amma idan mace ce za a tsare ta a kurkuku ko dai ta tuba ko kuma da ci gaba da zama har mutuwa.

Shin akwai wani hukunci da Kur'ani ya tanadarwa wanda ya yi ridda. Cikin Kur'ani babu wata aya da tabbatar da wani nau'in hukunci ga waɗanda suka yi ridda, sai dai kuma malaman Muslunci sun dogara da wasu dalilan daban game da hukunci kan wanda ya yi ridda.

Nazarin Ma'ana

Babban labari: Ridda

Murtaddi milli, shi ne wanda mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa lokacin haihuwarsa da bayan haihuwarsa ba su kasance daga Musulmi ba, shi ne da kansa ne bayan balaga ya zaɓi zama Musulmi, amma kuma daga baya ya kafirta.[1] Kishiyar murtaddi milli shi ne murtaddi fiɗri, wanda mahaifansa Musulmi ne, amma bayan ya balaga sai ya kafirta.[2]

Hukuncin Wanda Ya Fice Daga Muslunci

An tanadi hukunci ga murtaddi milli: Idan namiji ne za a bashi damar tuba, idan ya ƙi tuba za a kashe shi.[3] Amma idan mace ce za a tsare ta a kurkuku za a dinga ladabtar da ita a lokutan sallah har ta tuba ko kuma ta mutu a cikin kurkuku.[4]

Idan mace ta ƙara yin ridda bayan tuba, bisa fatawar wasu adadin malaman fiƙihu, idan ta maimaita ridda sau uku ko huɗu za a zartar mata da hukuncin kisa.[5] Sai dai cewa bisa fatawar Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi, mace murtadda milli tare da maimaita ridda ba za a zartar da hukuncin kisa a kanta ba.[6]

Hukunce-hukunce

Hukunce-hukunce da saƙonnin ridda milli sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Hana amfani dukiya: Bisa fatawar wasu daga malaman fiƙihu murtaddi milli har zuwa lokacin da bai tuba ba za a barshi ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa ba.[7] Amma tare da haka Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi ba ya ganin halaccin katange murtaddi milli daga amfani da dukiyarsa.[8]
  • Warware igiyar aure: ridda yana janyo fasakin aure (Warware aure), na'am idan ya zamana gabani sun yi jima'i da juna, za a warware igiyar auren bayan ƙarewar iddar mace (Iddar saki: tsarkaka daga al'ada uku daga jinin haila)[9]
  • Rashin ingancin aure: Gini kan shahararren ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, aure ba ya inganta tsakanin kafiri da Musulmi.[10] Amma tare da haka Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi yana ganin ingancin auren murtaddi tare da mace kafura.[11]
  • Haramtuwa daga gado: Murtaddi ba ya cin gadon Musulmi, amma Musulmi yana cin gado daga Murtaddi.[12]
  • Najasa: Murtaddi milli najasa ne[13]

A ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, tuba yana kuɓutar da murtaddi daga hukuncin uƙuba da shari'a ta tanada a kansa.[14]

Ba'arin ma'abota sabon tunani daga Musulmi suna ganin cewa babu wani ingantaccen nassi daga Kur'ani da hadisi da ya hukunta kashe wanda ya bar addinin Muslunci, kuma wai Annabi (S.A.W) bai taɓa zartar da hukuncin kisa kan wani mutum da ya yi ridda ba, babu bambanci murtaddi milli ne ko fiɗri.[15] Sai dai cewa an basu amsa kan wannan shubuha ta su duk da cewa babu aya ƙarara da ta ce a kashe wanda ya bar addinin Muslunci, tare da haka malamai sun dogara da wasu dalilan daban, daga cikin akwai hadisi da Annabi (S.A.W) yake cewa “Duk wanda ya sauya addininsa, ku kashe shi.”(Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadisi na 3017).[16]

Maƙaloli Masu Alaƙa

  • Murtaddi Fiɗri

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Shahid Thani, Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyyah, 1410 H, Juzu’i na 8, shafi na 30.
  2. ↑ Muhakkik Hilli, Shara’i al-Islam, 1408 H, Juzu’i na 4, shafi na 170.
  3. ↑ Muhakkik Hilli, Shara’i al-Islam, 1408 H, Juzu’i na 4, shafi na 170; Khui, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, 1422 H, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 396.
  4. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 H, Juzu’i na 41, shafi na 610–613; Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1379 SH, Juzu’i na 2, shafi na 365–368; Khui, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, 1422 H, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 399–401.
  5. ↑ Duba: Muhakkik Hilli, Shara’i al-Islam, 1408 H, Juzu’i na 4, shafi na 172; Shahid Thani, Masalik al-Afham, 1413 H, Juzu’i na 15, shafi na 31
  6. ↑ Khui, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, 1422 H, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 401.
  7. ↑ Koma ga: Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 H, Juzu’i na 41, shafi na 620..
  8. ↑ Khui, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, 1422 H, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 396
  9. ↑ Misali: Shaykh Tusi, Al-Mabsut, 1351 SH, Juzu’i na 7, shafi na 289; Muhakkik Karaki, Jami’ al-Maqasid, 1429 H, Juzu’i na 12, shafi na 423; Muhakkik Hilli, Shara’i al-Islam, 1408 H, Juzu’i na 4, shafi na 172; Allama Hilli, Tahrir al-Ahkam, Mu’assasat Aal al-Bayt, Juzu’i na 2, shafi na 21; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 H, Juzu’i na 41, shafi na 602.
  10. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Juzu’i na 41, shafi na 615; Khui, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, 1422 H, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 396.
  11. ↑ Khui, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, 1422 H, Juzu’i na 1, shafi na 405.
  12. ↑ Misali: Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 SH, Juzu’i na 39, shafi na 17.
  13. ↑ Misali: Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1362 SH, Juzu’i na 6, shafi na 293.
  14. ↑ Duba: Shahid Thani, Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyyah, 1410 H, Juzu’i na 8, shafi na 30.
  15. ↑ https://manhaja.blueprint.ng/mene-ne-hukuncin-ridda/
  16. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Jihad wa al-Siyar hadis 3017

Nassoshi

Imam Khumaini, Sayyid Ruhullah, Tahrir al-Wasila, Qum, Dar al-Ilm, 1379 H. Khui, Sayyid Abulqasim, Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, Qum, Mu’assasar Ihya Athar al-Imam al-Khui, 1422 H. Shahid Thani, Zayn al-Din bin Ali, Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh al-Lum‘ah al-Dimashqiyyah, sharhin Sayyid Muhammad Kalantar, Qum, Kantin Littafi Dawari, 1410 H. Shahid Thani, Zayn al-Din bin Ali, Masalik al-Afham ila Tanqih Shara’i al-Islam, Qum, Mu’assasar al-Ma‘arif al-Islamiyyah, 1413 H. Allama Hilli, Hasan bin Yusuf, Tahrir al-Ahkam, Qum, Mu’assasar Aal al-Bayt don Ihya al-Turath, ba tare da shekara ba. Muhakkik Hilli, Ja‘far bin Hasan, Shara’i al-Islam fi Masail al-Halal wa al-Haram, bita: Abdulhusayn Muhammad Ali Baqal, Qum, Isma‘iliyyan, 1408 H. Muhakkik Karaki, Ali bin Husayn, Jami‘ al-Maqasid fi Sharh al-Qawa‘id, Qum, Mu’assasar Aal al-Bayt don Ihya al-Turath, 1429 H. Musawi Ardabili, Sayyid Abdulkarim, Fiqh al-Hudud wa al-Ta‘zirat, Qum, Mu’assasar Buga Littattafan Jami’ar Mufid, bugu na biyu, 1427 H. Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahir al-Kalam, bita: Ibrahim Sultani, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1362 H. Shaykh Tusi, Muhammad bin Hasan, Al-Mabsut fi al-Fiqh al-Imamiyyah, Muhammad Baqir Bahbudi, Tehran, Maktabat al-Ridawiyyah, 1351 SH (Kalnadar Farsi Lunar)

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