Jump to content

Daƙiƙa:Jawahirul Kalam Fi Sharhi Shara'i'il Islam (Littafi)

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Jawahirul Kalam Fi Sharhi Shara'i'il Islam
MarubuciMuhammad Hassan Najafi
Tarihin rubutuƘarni na 13 hijira
Maudu'iFiƙihu
SaloFiƙihu Istidlali
Adadin Jildi43
Mai bugawaJami'atul Mudarrisin Qum
Kwafin PDFhttps://lib.eshia.ir/10088

Jawahirul Kalam Fi Sharhi Shara'i'il Islam ko kuma Jawahirul Kalam, littafi ne da Muhammad Hassan Najafi (1202–1266H) ya rubuta. sharhi ne mai faɗi kan littafin Shara'i'ul Islam, wanda Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli ya rubuta a fannin fiƙihu.

An bayyana cewa daga cikin fitattun siffofin wannan littafi akwai: kasancewarsa cikakken kundin fiƙihu, salon nazari da kafa hujjoji, gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na malaman fiƙihu a kowace mas'ala, da kuma sauƙin harshen rubutunsa. Jawahirul Kalam yana da wasu sharhi, taƙaitawa da kuma ƙarin bayani (Hashiya) da aka rubuta a kansa.

Daga cikin ra'ayoyi na musamman na Najafi da ya kawo a wannan littafi akwai: rashin ganin cewa wajibi ne alƙali ya kasance mai darajar ijtihadi, halaccin namiji ya ji muryar mace (sabanin ra'ayin mafi yawan malamai), rashin wadatar mu'amalar ta hanyar bayarwa da karɓa kawai (mu'aɗat) wajen wasu cinikayya, da kuma faɗin ikon mai hukunci na shari'a (hakim shar'i).

A karo na farko an buga wannan littafi a zamanin marubucin, ta hanyar bugun dutse (litography).

Matsayin Littafin

Jawahirul Kalam Fi Sharhi Shara'i'il Islam yana daga cikin manyan littattafan fiƙihun istidlali (Fiƙihun da ya dogara da hujjoji da dalilai) na Shi'a, wanda Muhammad Hassan Najafi, ɗaya daga cikin mujtahidai da marja'an taƙlidi na ƙarni na 13 bayan hijira, ya rubuta.[1]

Agha Buzurg Tehrani ya ɗauki Jawahirul Kalam a matsayin littafi mai tattara bayanai gaba ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan sassan fiƙihu daga farko har zuwa ƙarshe.[2] Haka kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin littafi mai zurfin nazari,[3] mai kafa hujjoji da kuma cikakken bayani.[4]

Muhsin Amin ya ruwaito daga Shaik Ansari a cikin littafinsa A'ayanush Shi'a cewa littattafan Jawahir da Wasa'il, tare da wasu rubuce-rubucen malaman fiƙihu na farko, sun isa ga mutum wajen kaiwa matsayin ijtihadi.[5]

Amin ya ɗauki Jawahirul Kalam a matsayin littafin da mujtahidai da ɗaliban makarantun hauza suke dogaro da shi a kowane lokaci.[6]

Murtada Muɗahhari ya kira Jawahirul Kalam da suna "Kundin ilimin fiƙihun Shi'a" (Da'irat al-Ma'arif na fiƙihun Shi'a),[7] kuma ya bayyana cewa har yanzu babu wani malamin fiƙihu da zai iya wadatuwa ba tare da shi ba.[8]

Ayatullahi Khomaini, wanda yake daga cikin manyan marja'an taƙlidi na ƙarni na 14 bayan hijira kuma jagoran Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ya ƙirƙiri kalmar "Fiƙihun Jawahiri",[9] inda yake ba da shawara ga makarantun hauza su sanya fiƙihun Jawahiri a matsayin ginshiƙin karatunsu na fiƙihu,[10] su ƙarfafa shi,[11] kuma bai halatta a kauce masa ba.[12]

Dalilin Rubuta Littafin

Najafi ya rubuta a gabatarwar littafin Jawahirul Kalam cewa: saboda Shara'i'ul Islam littafi ne mai tattara fiƙihu gaba ɗaya, mai tsari da daidaito, kuma abin koyi ga malaman fiƙihu, ya yanke shawarar rubuta sharhi a kansa domin ya bayyana muhimman abubuwa masu amfani da suke ɓoye a cikinsa, ya nuna kura-kuran da masu sharhinsa suka yi, sannan ya fitar da littafin daga taƙaitaccen bayani ta hanyar yin ƙarin bayani, kawo ra'ayoyi daban-daban na malaman fiƙihu da hujjojin da suka dogara da su.[13]

Muhammad Hirzud-Din (1273–1365H) ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa Ma'arif ur Rijal cewa mawallafin Jawahir tun farko bai yi niyyar rubuta sharhi kan Shara'i'u ba; abin da yake so kawai shi ne ya riƙa rubuta ra'ayoyin malaman fiƙihu a kan mas'alolin fiƙihu domin amfanin kansa. Amma ɗalibansa sun samu damar ganin waɗannan rubuce-rubucen nasa, kuma hakan ne ya zama sanadin fara rubuta wannan littafi.[14]

Bisa ga bayanin mawallafin Jawahir, ya kammala rubuta littafin Jawahirul Kalam a daren Talata, 23 ga watan Ramadan, daga cikin dararen Lailatul Ƙadri na shekarar 1254H.[15][Tsokaci 1]

Abubuwan Da Ke Cikin Littafin

Jawahirul Kalam yana da tsari mai kama da na littafin Shara'i'ul Islam; an raba abubuwan da ke cikinsa zuwa manyan sassa huɗu: ibadu,[16] Kwangiloli (Uƙud),[17] Iƙa'at (Ayyukan da suke faruwa ta hanyar magana ɗaya),[18] da hukunce-hukunce.[19]

Littafin Jawahirul Kalam ya fara da babin Tsarki (Kitab al-Ɗahara) tare da bayani kan ma'anar kalmar littafi da kuma ma'anar tsarki. Ya kuma ƙare da ƙarin bayanan babin diyya (ramuwar kuɗin jini) a cikin batutuwa biyar. Abubuwan da waɗannan batutuwan suka ƙunsa sun shafi hukuncin diyyar Musulmi idan ya kashe wanda ba Musulmi ba, da kuma diyya ga wanda ba Musulmi ya kashe Musulmi.[20]

Siffofin Littafin

  • Jawahirul Kalam cikakken littafi ne da ya ƙunshi dukkan sassan fiƙihu.[21]
  • Sharhi ne mai haɗe (sharh mazji) kan Shara'i'i: Wato a cikin littafin, an kawo asalin rubutun Shara'i'ul Islam tare da bayanin mai sharhi a cikinsa, har rubutun biyu suka zama kamar rubutu guda.[22]
  • Hanyar kawo hadisai: A mafi yawan lokuta ba a kawo tushen hadisai da jerin masu ruwaito su ba. Ana bayyana hadisai ne kawai da siffofi kamar: sahihi, abin dogaro (mu'tabara), hasanun, muwassaƙ, mursala da da'ifa (mai rauni).[23]
  • Taƙaita dogayen hadisai: A hadisai masu tsawo, sau da yawa ana kawo ɓangaren da ake buƙata kawai.[24]
  • Kawo ra'ayoyin malaman fiƙihu daban-daban: Daga cikin siffofinsa akwai gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na malaman fiƙihu.[25]

Sukar Da Aka Yi Wa Littafin

A wasu wurare an samu cewa an kawo isnadin hadisai ba daidai ba, ko an rikita wani hadisi da wani. Haka kuma, wasu maganganun fiƙihu an ɗauka su hadisai ne, ko kuma wasu bayanan da marubucin ya yi wa wasu wurare a cikin littafin nasa ba su dace ba. An danganta waɗannan kura-kurai da amfani da riwayoyi da ra'ayoyin malamai ta hanyar masu tsakaitawa ba kai tsaye ba.[26]

Wasu Ra'ayoyin fiƙihuDa Usul Na Musamman

Daga cikin ra'ayoyin musamman na Najafi a cikin Jawahirul Kalam akwai:

Baya ga ra'ayoyin fiƙihu, an kuma samu wasu ra'ayoyin usul na Najafi a cikin Jawahir, musamman saboda ɓacewar littafinsa na usul wanda ya sa wannan littafi ya zama hanya ta sanin waɗannan ra'ayoyi. Daga cikinsu akwai tsananin ƙin yin amfani da zurfafa tunanin falsafa da hankali wajen fitar da hukunce-hukunce.[31]

Haka kuma, Najafi ya ba da muhimmanci sosai ga shahararren fatawa (shuhra ta fatawa). Saboda haka, yawancin ra'ayoyinsa a cikin Jawahir sun yi daidai da ra'ayoyin da ake ganin ijma'i ko sanannu ne a tsakanin malaman Shi'a. Saboda haka wasu malamai sun kira shi "Lisan al-Mashhur" (Mai magana da yawun ra'ayin da ya shahara).[32]

Sharhi, Da Ta'aliƙi Na Littattafai A Kansa

  • Al-Insaf fi Tahƙiƙ Masa'il al-Khilaf Min Jawahiril Kalam, na Muhammad Ɗaha Najaf Tabrizi (ya rasu 1323H).
  • Bahrul Jawahir, na Ali Bin Muhammad Baƙir Burujerdi, da harshen Farisanci (An rubuta shi a farkon ƙarni na 14H).
  • Al-Hidaya Ila al-Maram Min Mubhamat Jawahirul Kalam, na Sayyid Muhammad Baƙir Musawi Hamadani (an buga 1379Sh).[33]

Wasu malamai kamar: Sayyid Husain Burujerdi, Sayyid Abdul Ali Bin Jafar Khunnsari, Sayyid Abdullah Bahbahani, Mulla Ali Keni da Zainul Abidin Mazandarani sun rubuta ƙarin bayani (Hashiya) a kan Jawahirul Kalam.[34]

Littattafan da suka gabatar da bayanai kan Jawahir:

  • Fihrist Jawahirul Kalam (Tehran, 1322Sh), na Ali bn Zain al-Abidin Mazandarani. Wannan littafi ya gabatar da Jawahirul Kalam da muhimman abubuwan cikinsa cikin cikakken bayani.[35]
  • Al-Badr al-Zahir fi Tarajim A'lam Kitab al-Jawahir (Kum, 1424H), na Nasir Karmi. Ya ƙunshi tarihin manyan mutane da aka ambata a cikin Jawahir.[36]
  • Mu'jamu Fiƙhil Jawahir (Beirut, 1419H). Ya ƙunshi kalmomin fiƙihuda aka yi amfani da su a Jawahir, tare da taƙaitattun bayanan ra'ayoyin fiƙihugame da su.[37]
Hotan daura mai mujalladi 43 daga Jawahirul Kalam
  • Jawahirul Kalam fi Saubihil Jadid. A cikin wannan littafi, a saman kowane shafi ana kawo rubutun Shara'i'ul Islam tare da ra'ayoyin mawallafin Jawahir, sannan a ƙasan shafi a kawo ra'ayoyin masu goyon bayan sa da masu adawa da shi, tare da hujjojin kowane ɓangare.[38]

Kwafi Da Bugawa

A cewar Agha Buzurg Tehrani, asalin kwafin Jawahirul Kalam shi ne wanda mawallafin littafin, wato Sahib Jawahir, ya duba ya gyara da kansa.[39] Wannan kwafi an tsara shi cikin ƙananan juzu'i guda 44, kuma har yanzu yana nan.[40]

Akwai kwafi masu yawa na rubutun hannu na sassa daban-daban na Jawahirul Kalam a wasu ɗakunan karatu na Najaf, Qum, Tehran, Mashhad da Hamadan.[41]

  • Bugun farko na littafin an yi shi ne a shekarar 1262H, a lokacin da marubucin yake raye, ta hanyar bugun dutse (lithography) cikin manyan juzu'i guda shida. Wannan bugun ya sake fitowa har sau 24 zuwa shekarar 1376H.
  • Daga shekarar 1377Sh zuwa 1398Sh, an sake buga littafin a cikin juzu'i 43, bayan bincike da gyare-gyare daga:

Abbas Quchani, Ali Akhundiy, Mahmud Quchani da Rida Ustadi, a biranen Najaf da Tehran.

Sauran bugawa sun haɗa da:

  • Bugun manyan juzu'i guda 15 (Beirut, 1992M / 1412H).
  • Bugun Cibiyar al-Nashr al-Islami tare da bincike da gyare-gyare na ilimi.[42]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a juzu'i na tara, shafi na 149.
  2. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na biyar, shafi na 276; Amin, "A'ayanush Shi'a", juzu'i na tara, shafi na 149.
  3. ↑ ‌Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulumul Kur'ani, Hadis, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 672.
  4. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na biyar, shafi na 276;Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu'i na tara, shafi na 149.
  5. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu'i na tara, shafi na 149
  6. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu'i na tara, shafi na 149
  7. ↑ Mutahhari, Majmu'a-ye Asar, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 86; Bangaren fiƙihu, Ulumul Kur'ani da Hadisi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 672.
  8. ↑ Mutahhari, Majmu'a-ye Asar, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 86.
  9. ↑ Ayazi, Fiqh Jawahiri wa Fiqh Puya.
  10. ↑ Khomaini, Sahifa-ye Imam, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 380.
  11. ↑ Khomaini, Sahifa-ye Imam, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 72.
  12. ↑ Khomaini, Sahifa-ye Imam, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 289.
  13. ↑ Duba: Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 2–3.
  14. ↑ Hirzud al-Din, Ma'arif al-Rijal, juzu'i na biyu, shafi na 226.
  15. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 43, shafi na 453.
  16. ↑ Duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'il Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.
  17. ↑ Duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 2; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 3.
  18. ↑ Duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 2; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 32, shafi na 2.
  19. ↑ Duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 153; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 36, shafi na 7.
  20. ↑ Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Sahib al-Jawahir, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 3; juzu'i na 43, shafuka na 448–451.
  21. ↑ Andalib, Sabk-Shinasi-ye Jawahir 2, shafi na 23.
  22. ↑ Andalib, Sabk-Shinasi-ye Jawahir 1, shafuka na 31–32.
  23. ↑ Andalib, Sabk-Shinasi-ye Jawahir 2, shafi na 27.
  24. ↑ Andalib, Sabk-Shinasi-ye Jawahir 2, shafi na 27.
  25. ↑ Andalib, Sabk-Shinasi-ye Jawahir 2, shafi na 28.
  26. ↑ Hashimi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 294.
  27. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 40, shafi na 16, yana nakalto daga Astarabadi, Nigāhi be Ketab-e Nafis-e Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 168.
  28. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 40, shafi na 16, yana nakalto daga Astarabadi, Nigahi be Ketab-e Nafis-e Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 169.
  29. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 22, shafuka na 241–244, yana nakalto daga Astarabadi, Nigahi be Ketab-e Nafis-e Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 169.
  30. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 21, shafuka na 385, 394, 396, yana nakalto daga Astarabadi, Nigahi be Ketab-e Nafis-e Jawahirul Kalam, shafuka na 170–171.
  31. ↑ Hashimi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 292.
  32. ↑ Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulumul Kur'an, Hadisi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 672.
  33. ↑ Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulumul Kur'an, Hadisi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 674.
  34. ↑ Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulumul Kur'an, Hadis, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 674.
  35. ↑ Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulumul Kur'an, Hadis, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 674.
  36. ↑ Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulumul Kur'an, Hadis, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 674.
  37. ↑ Hashimi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafi na 294.
  38. ↑ Hashimi Shahroudi, Jawahirul Kalam fi Thawbihi al-Jadid, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 6.
  39. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 276.
  40. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 276.
  41. ↑ Hashimi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafuka na 294–295.
  42. ↑ Hashimi, Jawahirul Kalam, shafuka na 294–295.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Marubuci na Jawahirul Kalam ya bayyana a ƙarshen littafin Diya (wanda shi ne littafi na ƙarshe a cikin Jawahirul Kalam) cewa ya kammala rubuta littafin Diyyoyi a shekara ta 1254H. Haka kuma shi kansa ya bayyana a ƙarshen littafin Jihadi cewa ya rubuta shi a shekara ta 1257H. Saboda haka, da alama littattafan da aka tattara a cikin Jawahirul Kalam ba a rubuta su bisa tsarin jerin da suke ciki ba. Littafin Jihadi shi ne littafi na ƙarshe da marubucin, Sahib al-Jawahir, ya rubuta a cikin Jawahirul Kalam.

Nassoshi

  • Akhund Khurasani, Muhammad Kazim, Kitabun fi al-Waqf, Qum, bugu na farko, 1413H.
  • Amin, Muhsin, "A'ayanush Shi'a", Beirut, Dar al-Ta'aruf, 1403H.
  • Andalib, Muhammad, Sabkshenasi-ye Jawahir 1,a cikin Bincike-binciken Zamantakewa na Musulunci, lamba ta 2, 1374Sh.
  • Andalib, Muhammad, Sabkshenasi-ye Jawahir 2,a cikin Bincike-binciken Zamantakewa na Musulunci, lamba ta 4, 1375Sh.
  • Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Muhammad Muhsin, Az-Zari'a ila Tasanif al-Shi'a, Beirut, Dar al-Adwa', bugu na biyu, 1403H.
  • Astarabadi, Muhammad Fadil, Nigahi Be Kitabe Nafis Jawahirul Kalam, mujallar Fiqh Ahlul Bait, lamba ta 8, 1375Sh.
  • Ayazi, Sayyid Muhammad Ali، فقه جواهری و فقه پویا، (fiƙihun Jauhari da fiƙihun Mai Sauyawa (Mai Haɓaka).), Tattaunawa da aka wallafa a shafin Hawza Net. Ranar duba shafin: 12 ga Nuwamba, 2022M.
  • Bangaren Fiƙhu, Ulum Kur'ani wa Hadith, Jawahirul Kalam, dar Da'irat al-Ma'arif-e Bozorg-e Islami, juzu'i na 18, Markaz-e Da'irat al-Ma'arif-e Bozorg-e Islami, bugu na farko, 1389Sh.
  • Ha'iri, Sayyid Mirza Ja'far Tabataba'i, Irshad al-Ibad ila Labs al-Sawad Ala Sayyid al-Shuhada wa al-A'immah al-Amjad Alaihim al-Salam, bincike/gyara daga Sayyid Muhammad Rida Husaini A'araji Fiham, Qum, Gidan Buga Littattafan Ilimi, bugu na farko, 1404H.
  • Hashimi, Sayyid Rida, "Jawahirul Kalam, dar Daneshname-ye Jahan-e Islam", Tehran, Gidauniyar Da'irat al-Ma'arif-e Islami, juzu'i na 11, bugu na farko, 1386Sh.
  • Hirzuddin, Muhammad, Ma'arif al-Rijal fi Tarajim al-Ulama wa al-Udaba, Qum, 1405H.
  • Khomaini (Imam), Sayyid Ruhullahi, Sahifa-ye Imam, Cibiyar Tsarawa da Wallafa Ayyukan Imam Khomaini., Tehran, 1378Sh.
  • Muhaddis Nuri, Mirza Husain, Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, bincike/gyara daga Cibiyar Alul-al-Bait Alaihim al-Salam, Beirut, bugu na farko, 1408H.
  • Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Jafar bn Hassan, Shara'i'ul Islam fi Masa'il al-Halal wa al-Haram, bincike da gyara daga Abd al-Husain Muhammad Ali Baqqal, Qum, Isma'iliyan, bugu na biyu, 1408H.
  • Mutahhari, Murtada, Majmu'a-ye Asar, Tehran, Mawallafar Sadra, 1389Sh.
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahirul Kalam Fi Sharhi Shara'i'il Islam, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, bugu na bakwai, 1404H.
  • Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Hashiyat al-Makasib, Qum, Cibiyar Isma'iliyan, bugu na farko, 1410H.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Daƙiƙa:Jawahirul_Kalam_Fi_Sharhi_Shara%27i%27il_Islam_(Littafi)&oldid=25377"