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Daƙiƙa:Abdullahi Bin Saba

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Wannan wata maƙala ce game da Abdullah Bin Saba. Domin neman sanin littafi mai ɗauke da irin wannan suna ku duba shafin Abdullahi Bin Saba'i Wa Asaɗir Ukhra (Littafi)
Abdullahi Bin Saba
Mahallin rayuwaSan'a
Lokacin musluntaZamanin halifancin Usman
Dalilin shaharaZargin da wasu suke yi masa cewa shi ne wanda ya kafa Shi'a ko kuma cewa ya kasance mai wuce iyaka (Guluwi) a addini.



Abdullahi Bin Saba, (Larabci: عبدالله بن سبأ) ɗaya ne daga mutanen da aka yi doguwar muhawara a kansa a tarihin farkon Musulunci cikin goma ta uku da goma ta huɗu hijira ƙamari wanda madogaran tarihi da madogaran sanin mazajen riwaya suka kawo hikayoyi da rahotanni masu karo da juna game da shi.

Muhammad Bin Jarir Ɗabari, malamin tarihi mabiyin tafarkin Ahlus-Sunna a karon farko ya fara gabatar da sunan Abdullahi Bin Saba. A cikin madogaran Shi'a a karon farko a cikin littafin Rijalul Kasshi aka fara ambatar sunan Abdullahi Ibn Saba. Kan asasin waɗannan madogarai Abdullahi Bin Saba ya kasance bayahude wanda ya musulunta a lokacin halifancin Usman Bin Affan halifa na uku.

Malaman tarihi na Ahlus-Sunna suna la'akari da Abdullahi Bin Saba matsayin mutumin da ya angiza wutar boren Musulmi kan Usman Bin Affan, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa mazhabar Shi'a, amma malaman tarihi na Shi'a suna cewa ba zai yiwu sabon musulunta cikin sauƙi ya iya yin tasiri kan al'ummar Musulmi har ta kai ga ya angiza su zuwa ga yin bore da tawaye kan halifa ba. Wasu malaman Shi'a suna lissafa Abdullahi Bin Saba cikin gullatu (Masu wuce iyaka), wasu kuma suna ganin kwata-kwata ma bashi da samuwa ƙirƙirarsa aka yi don cimma wata manufa.

Wane ne Abdullahi Bin Saba

Bisa abin da Muhammad Bin Jarir Ɗabari malamin tarihi kuma Ahlus-Sunna ya faɗa, Abdullahi Bin Saba wani bayahude ne daga garin San'a wanda ya musulunta a lokacin halifa na uku.[1] A cewarsa Abdullahi Bin Saba, yana ɗaukar Usman Bin Affan matsayin wanda ya ƙwace halifanci, kuma ya kasance mai zuga mutane su yiwa Usman bore da tawaye.[2] Sai dai cewa Rasul Jafariyan masanin tarihi kuma ɗanshi'a ya tafi kan cewa ba zai yiwu ace al'ummar Musulmi su kasance da irin wannan rauni ba da za ta kai ga bayahude da bai jima da musulunta ba ya angiza su zuwa ga bore kan halifan Musulmi.[3]

Mabambatan Ra'ayoyi Game da Abdullahi Bin Saba

Cikin madogaran Musulunci akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da Abdullahi Bin Saba. A cikin madogaran Ahlus-Sunna an bayyana shi matsayin mutumin da ya kafa Shi'a kuma ya zuga Musulmi su yi tawaye kan Usman halifa na uku. Mafi yawan malamai Shi'a suna lissafa Abdullahi Bin Saba cikin sahun gullatu (Masu wuce iya). Wasu daga ƴanshi'a masu bincike na wannan zamani suna ganin kwata-kwata ma wannan mutumin ba shi da wata samuwa ƙarya ce zalla.

Ɗabari malamin tarihi Ahlus-Sunna, da kuma da yawa-yawan waɗanda suka bi sawunsa suna ganin cewa Abdullahi Bin Saba shine sababin faruwa muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a farkon Musulunci kamar kashe Usman da kuma assasa mazhabar Shi'a.[4]

Malaman Shi'a, suna ɗaukar Abdullahi Bin Saba matsayin gullatu waɗanda suke wuce iyakokin shari'a kan Imam Ali (A.S) suke kai shi matsayin Allah, wanda da wannan dalili Imaman Shi'a suka tsine masa.[5]

Wasu masu bincike na wannan zamani kamar Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i, Allama Askari da Dakta Ɗaha Husaini suna ganin cewa kwata-kwata ma babu wani mutum mai suna Abdullahi Bin Saba a duniyar samuwa, kaɗai an ƙirƙire shi ne ta hannun wasu mutane misalin Saifu Bin Umar.[6]

Ali Wardi daga masu bincike na Larabawa, tare da gasgata ra'ayin kasancewar Abdullahi Bin Saba wani mutum da ba shi da samuwa a duniyar samuwa, ya yi iƙrari cewa mafi yawan halayen da aka ambatawa wannan ƙagaggen mutum a cikin littafin Tarihin Ɗabari, a haƙiƙa sun kasance halaye na Ammar Bin Yasir sahabin Annabi (S.A.W) da Imam Ali (A.S), malamin ya fitar da sakamako cewa Ammar Bin Yasir zai iya kasancewa shugaban Saba'iyyawa koma ace shi ne dai Abdullahi Bin Saba ɗin da ake ta magana kansa.[7] shaharar da Ammar da sunan Ibn Sauda a cikin madogaran tarihi, ita ce dai shaharar da Abdullahi Bin Saba ya yi, tsananin soyayyar da Ammar yake yi wa Imam (A.S), kiran mutane zuwa ga yi wa Imam Ali (A.S) bai'a da rawa mai tasirin gaske da ya taka a cikin yaƙin Jamal suna cikin kamanceceniya tsakanin Abdullahi Bin Saba da Ammar Bin Yasir.[8]

Nazari Da Tantance Madogarai

Cikin madogarai da suka kawo sunan Abdullahi Bin Saba. Akwai Tarikh Ɗabari daga Ahlus-Sunna da kuma Rijalul Kasshi daga Shi'a wanda suna suka kasance madogarai na farko-farko da ake komawa gare su. Littafi na farko da fara kawo wannan magana shi ne Tarikh Ɗabari (Rayuwa: 224-310H). A cikin Isnadin Ɗabari cikin naƙalin labarin Abdullahi Bin Saba akwai wani mutum da ake kira Saifu Bin Umar. Sauran marubuta kamar Ibn Asir (Rasuwa: 630H)[9] da Ibn Asakir (Rasuwa: 571H)[10] suma sun rawaito wannan labari ta hanyar dogara da Saifu Bin Umar a matsayin majiyarsu.

Asalin marawaicin da Ɗabari ya dogara da shi cikin tabbatar da Abdullahi Bin Saba, ma'ana Saifu Bin Umar, da yawa-yawan malaman Ahlus-Sunna suna ɗaukarsa mutum mai rauni da ba za a iya dogara da shi: Malamai misalin Yahaya Bin Ma'in (Rasuwa: 233H) Nasa'i (Rasuwa: 303H)[11] Abu Dawud (Rasuwa: 275H),[12] Ibn Hammad Uƙaili (Rasuwa: 322H),[13] Ibn Abi Hatim (Rasuwa: 327H)[14] da Ibn Hibban (Rasuwa: 354H)[15] sun kira shi da sunaye kamar: Mutum mai rauni a cikin riwaya, mai ƙirƙirar hadisi da wanda ba za a iya amincewa da shi ba.

Wasu riwayoyin Rijalul Kasshi da suka zo game da Abdullahi Bin Saba riwayoyi ne marasa inganci. Sayyid Murtada Askari ƙwararre a fannin tarihin Musulunci, ya kawo dalilai guda biyu game da wannan magana kamar haka:

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk, Beirut, J. 4, Shafi na 340..
  2. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk, Beirut, J. 4, Shafi na 340.
  3. ↑ Ja'fariyan, Tarikh Khulafa, 2015 AD, Shafi na 160.
  4. ↑ Duba Tabari, Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk, Beirut, J. 4, Shafi na 340; Ibn Al-Athir, Al-Kamil fi At-Tarikh, 1965 AD, J. 3, Shafi na 154; Ibn Asakir, Tarikh Madinati Dimashq, Dar Al-Fikr, J. 29, Shafuffuka na 3-6.
  5. ↑ Misali, duba Tusi, Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat Ar-Rijal, Mu'assasat Aal Al-Bayt Li Ihya' At-Turath, J. 1, Shafuffuka na 323-324.
  6. ↑ Duba Askari, Abdullah bin Saba' da Wasu Tsohon Labarai, 1997 AD, J. 2, Shafi na 308; Tabatabai, "Abdullah bin Saba'", Shafi na 194; Taha Husayn, Al-Fitnat Al-Kubra, Alkahira, J. 2, Shafi na 134.
  7. ↑ Al-Wardi, Wuadh As-Salatin, 1995 AD, Shafi na 174.
  8. ↑ Tabatabai, "Abdullah bin Saba'", Shafuffuka na 220-221.
  9. ↑ Ibn Al-Athir, Al-Kamil fi At-Tarikh, 1965 AD, J. 3, Shafi na 154.
  10. ↑ Ibn Asakir, Tarikh Madinati Dimashq, Dar Al-Fikr, J. 29, Shafuffuka na 3-4.
  11. ↑ Nasa'i, Ad-Du'afa' wa Al-Matrukun li An-Nasa'i, 1976 AD, Shafi na 50.
  12. ↑ Ibn Hajar, Tahdhib At-Tahdhib, 1908 AD, J. 4, Shafi na 295.
  13. ↑ Ibn Hammad, Ad-Du'afa' Al-Kabir, 1984 AD, J. 2, Shafi na 175.
  14. ↑ Ibn Abi Hatim, Al-Jarhu wa At-Ta'dil, 1952 AD, J. 4, Shafi na 278.
  15. ↑ Ibn Hibban, Al-Majruhin, 1976 AD, J. 1, Shafi na 345.
  16. ↑ Askari, Abdullah bin Saba' da Wa Asatir Ukhra, 1997 AD, J. 2, Shafuffuka na 177-180.

Nassoshi

  • Al-Wardi, Ali, Wuadh As-Salatin, Beirut, Dar Kufan, 1995 AD.
  • Askari, Murtaza, Abdullah bin Saba' da Wasu Tsohon Labarai, Tehran, Al-Majma' Al-Ilmi Al-Islami, 1417 AH 1997 AD.
  • Ibn Abi Hatim, Abdulrahman bin Muhammad, Al-Jarhu wa At-Ta'dil, Haidarabad, Majlis Dairat Al-Ma'arif Al-Uthmaniyya, 1371 AH, 1952 AD.
  • Ibn Al-Athir Al-Jazari, Ali bin Muhammad, Al-Kamil fi At-Tarikh, Beirut, Dar Sadir, 1385 AHو 1965 AD.
  • Ibn Asakir, Ali bin Hasan, Tarikh Madinati Dimashq, Mai bincike: Ali Shiri, Beirut, Dar Al-Fikr, babu kwanan wata.
  • Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani, Ahmad bin Ali, Tahdhib At-Tahdhib, Indiya, Matba'at Dairat Al-Ma'arif An-Nizamiyya, 1326 AH, 1908 AD.
  • Ibn Hammad Al-Uqayli, Muhammad bin Amr, Ad-Du'afa' Al-Kabir, Mai bincike: Abdulmu'ti Amin Qal'aji, Beirut, Dar Al-Maktabah Al-Ilmiyyah, 1404 AH, 1984 AD.
  • Ibn Hibban, Muhammad, Al-Majruhin min Al-Muhaddithin wa Ad-Du'afa' wa Al-Matrukin, Mai bincike: Mahmud Ibrahim Zayid, Halab , Dar Al-Wa'y, 1396 AH = 1976 AD.
  • Ja'fariyan, Rasul, Tarikh Khulafa (Khalifofin Musulmi) Az Rehlat Payambar Ta Zawale Umawiyyan (11-132 AH), Qom, Dalil Ma, 1394 SH, 2015 AD.
  • Nasa'i, Ahmad bin Shu'ayb, Ad-Du'afa' wa Al-Matrukun li An-Nasa'i, Halab, Dar Al-Wa'y, 1396 AH, 1976 AD
  • Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk (Tarihin Al'ummai da Sarakuna) , Mai bincike: Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim, Lebanon, Beirut (kwafin daga Digital Library Noor).
  • Tabatabai, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn, "Abdullah bin Saba'", Majallat Maktab Tashayyu', lamba 4, Afrilu 1960 AD.
  • Taha, Husayn, Al-Fitnat Al-Kubra, Dar Al-Ma'arif, Alkahira, babu kwanan wata.
  • Tusi, Muhammad bin Hasan, Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat Ar-Rijal (Rijal Al-Kashshi) , Masu bincike: Mahdi Rajai da Muhammad Baqir bin Muhammad Mirdamad, Qom, Mu'assasat Aal Al-Bayt Li Ihya' At-Turath, babu kwanan wata.

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