Daƙiƙa:Ɗagutu
Ɗagutu ana kiran duk wani abu ko wani ƙarfi mai tawaye da girman kai wadda ake bauta masa, yin biyayya gare shi ko bin shi a maimakon Allah.[1] An ambaci wannan kalma sau takwas a cikin Alƙur'ani.[2]
A cikin aya ta 51 ta Suratul Nisa'i, an fassara Ɗagutu da abubuwan da suke bayyana shirka da ɓata, kamar gumaka, shaiɗanu da mutane waɗanda ake bi a maimakon Allah.[3] A aya ta 257 ta Suratul Baƙara, an gabatar da Ɗagutu a matsayin alamar ɓangaren da yake fitar da mutum daga hasken shiriya ta Allah zuwa ga ɓata.[4] A aya ta 60 ta Suratul Nisa'i, an yi amfani da kalmar Ɗagutu ga alƙalai waɗanda suke yin hukunci ba tare da izini daga Allah ba.[5] Haka kuma, malaman tafsiri sun fassara Ɗagutu a aya ta 60 ta Suratul Ma'ida[6] da aya ta 36 ta Suratun Nahli[7] da abubuwan da suke bayyana shirka, jagororin ɓata da abubuwan da suke nisantar da mutum daga hanyar Allah. A aya ta 76 ta Suratul Nisa'i kuma, hanyar Ɗagutu an bayyana ta a matsayin mutum, ƙarfi ko tsarin mulki da yake tsayawa a gaba da hanyar Allah.[8]
A cikin ruwayoyin Shi'a, ana yawan amfani da kalmar Ɗagutu wajen nuni ga shugabanni da masu mulki azzalumai.[9] Ruwayoyi sun kira ƴan Shi'a da su nisanci Ɗawagitai, su yi barranta daga gare su kuma su guji fitinarsu.[10] Haka kuma an bayyana kasancewar Ɗawagitai a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka jawo ɓoyuwar Imam Mahdi (A.S).[11] An kuma ruwaito wasu hadisai da suke yin suka ga neman taimako ko komawa wajen sarakuna da alƙalan azzalumai.[12] Malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun dogara da waɗannan ruwayoyi wajen cewa komawa wajen Ɗagutu da neman hukunci a wurinsa ko da kuwa domin karɓar haƙƙi bai halatta ba; sai dai sun ambaci wasu keɓantattun yanayi na larura idan babu wata hanya dabam ta samun haƙƙi.[13]
A wasu ruwayoyi da ziyarce-ziyarcen Shi'a, an yi amfani da kalmomin Jibtu da Ɗagutu wajen nuni ga maƙiyan Ahlul-Baiti (A.S)[14] ko alamomin shirka da ƙarya.[15] Haka kuma, a wasu ruwayoyi da suka shafi zamanin ɓoyuwar Imam Mahdi (A.F), duk wata tuta da za a ɗaga kafin bayyanarsa tana kiran mutane zuwa ga kanta, an kira ta da Ɗagutu;[16] wasu malaman Shi'a sun fassara waɗannan ruwayoyi da cewa suna magana ne kan ƙungiyoyin da suke bin son kai, tare da bambanta su da tayar da zaune tsaye waɗanda manufarsu ita ce tabbatar da adalci da kare gaskiya.[17]
A cikin adabin siyasar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ana amfani da kalmar Ɗagutu wajen nuni ga gwamnatoci, mutane ko ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ake ganin suna adawa da ƙa'idojin Musulunci.[18] Imam Khomaini ya yi amfani da wannan kalma wajen nuni ga gwamnatin Pahlawi da wasu daga cikin jami'ai da masu gudanar da mulkinta.[19]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Raghib Isfahani, Al-Mufradat, 1412H, shafi na 521.
- ↑ Qurashi, Qamūs Qur'an, 1412H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 224.
- ↑ Tabari, Jami'ul Bayan, 1412H, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 465.
- ↑ Tusi, At-Tibyan, Beirut, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 312; Tabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 631.
- ↑ Tayyib, Atyabul Bayan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 118–119.
- ↑ Zamakhshari, Al-Kashshaf, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 653.
- ↑ Tayyib, Atyabul Bayan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 118.
- ↑ Tusi, At-Tibyan, Beirut, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 260.
- ↑ Duba: Saffar Ƙummi, Basa'irud Darajat, 1404H, shafi na 144–145; Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 261–262 da 319, 477.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 15.
- ↑ Sheikh Saduƙ, Kamalud-Din, shafi na 47.
- ↑ Misali, duba: Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 411–412.
- ↑ Misali, duba: Fadil Hindi, Kashful Lisam, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 7–8; Ansari, Al-Qaḍa' wash-Shahadat, shafi na 61–64; Ashtiyani, Kitabul Qaḍa', shafi na 20–22.
- ↑ Misali, duba: Majlisi, Biharul Anwar, juzu'i na 30, shafi na 187–188 da juzu'i na 31, shafi na 600–601.
- ↑ Misali, duba: Majlisi, Biharul Anwar, juzu'i na 96, shafi na 190–193 da juzu'i na 97, shafi na 206, 295.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 295; Majlisi, Biharul Anwar, juzu'i na 52, shafi na 143.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payam-e Qur'an, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 78–84; Jawadi Amoli, Imam Mahdi; Maujud-e Mau'ud, shafi na 152–159.
- ↑ Mumin, Ɗagut, shafi na 236–237.
- ↑ Mumin, Ɗagut, shafi na 236–237.
Nassoshi
- Ashtiyani, Muhammad Hassan, Kitabul Qaḍa, Qum, Wallafar Darul Hijrah, 1404H.
- Asifi, Muhammad Mahadi, Fiƙhul-Muƙawamah: Dirasah Fiƙhiyyah Muƙaranah, Tehran, Majma'ul alami li Taqribil Madhahibil Islamiyyah, Sashen Al'adu, 1430H.
- Ansari, Murtada, Al-Qaḍa' wash-Shahadat, Qum, Babban Taron Tunawa da Sheikhul A'azam Ansari na Duniya, 1415H.
- Jawadi Amoli, Abdullah, Imam Mahadi; Maujud-e Mau'ud, Qum,Cibiyar wallafae-wallafe ta Isra', 1395Sh.
- Zamakhshari, Mahmud Bin Umar, Al-Kashshaf ‘an Haƙa'iƙi Ghawamidit Tanzil wa Uyunil Aƙawil fi Wujuhit Ta'wil, Beirut, Darul Kitabil Arabi, 1407H.
- Sheikh Saduƙ, Muhammad Bin Ali, Kamalud-Din wa Tamamun Ni'mah, Qum, Ƙungiyar Malaman Makarantar Ilimi ta Hauza, 1416H.
- Sheikh Tusi, Muhammad bn Hasan, At-Tibyan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, binciken Ahmad Qusair Amili, Beirut, Dar Ihya'it Turathil Arabi, ba tare da kwanan wata ba.
- Saffar Ƙummi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, Basa'irud Darajat fi Fada'ili ali Muhammad, Qum, Laburaren Ayatullahi Mar'ashi Najafi, 1404H.
- Tabrisi, Fadl bn Hassan, Majma'ul Bayan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, gyaran Fadlullahi Yazdi Tabataba'i, Beirut, Darul Ma'rifah, 1408H.
- Tabari, Muhammad, Jami'ul Bayan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Beirut, Darul Ma'rifah, 1412H.
- Tayyib, Sayyid Abdul Husain, Atyabul Bayan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Tehran, Mawallafar Musulunci, 1378Sh.
- Ƙurashi, Sayyid Ali Akbar, Qamus Qur'an, Tehran, Mabugar litattafan Musulunci, bugu na shida, 1412H.
- Fadil Hindi, Muhammad bn Hassan, Kashful Lisam ‘an Qawa'idil Ahkam, Qum, Cibiyar wallafe-wallafen Musulunci, 1416H.
- Kulaini, Muhammad Bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, gyaran Ali Akbar Ghiffari da Muhammad Akhundi, Tehran, Mabugar litattafan Musulunci, 1407H.
- Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Biharul Anwar al-Jami'atu li Durari Akhbaril A'immatil Athar, Beirut, Dar Ihya'it Turathil Arabi, bugu na biyu, 1403H.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Payam-e Qur'an, Qum, Bugawa ta Makarantar Imam Ali bn Abi Talib (A.S)., 1374Sh.
- Mumin, Mojan, Ɗagut, cikin Jild na Uku na Da'iratul Ma'arif na Sabon Duniyar Musulunci, fassarar Husain Suzanchi, Tehran, Bugawar Littafin Marja'i da Bugawar Taron Majalisa, 1391Sh.