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Abu Mikhnaf

Daga wikishia
Abu Mikhnaf
Marubucin tarihi na Shi'a
Cikakken SunaLuɗ Bin Yahaya Bin Sa'id Bin Mikhnaf Bin Sulaimi Gamidi Azdi
Tarihin haihuwaKusan shekara 80 hijira
MahaifaKufa
Tarihin rasuwaShekara ta 157 hijira
Wallafe-wallafeMaƙtalul Husaini (A.S)• Kitabur Ridda• Kibatu Futuhi Assham• Sauran Talifai


Luɗ Bin Yahaya Bin Sa'id (Larabci: أبو مخنف) wanda ya rasu shekara ta 157 hijira, shi ne wanda aka fi saninsa da Abu Mikhnaf Azdi, marubucin littafin Maƙtalul Husaini, ya kasance mutumin garin Kufa, ɗanshi'a kuma malamin hadisi da tarihi a ƙarni na biyu hijira ƙamari. Malaman hadisi na Shi'a suna kiransa da Abu Mikhnaf, Shaik Ɗusi ya bayyana shi cikin sahabban Imam Sadiƙ (A.S).

Abu Mikhnaf, ya kawo bayanin shahadar Imam Husaini (A.S) a cikin wani littafi nasa da naƙalin riwayoyi da suke da alaƙa tare da shahadar, duk da cewa wannan littafi ya ɓata ɓat babu shi, amma dai wani sashe daga riwayoyin an kawo su a cikin wasu litattafai na riwaya da na tarihi. Abu Mikhnaf yana da wasu rubuce-rubuce na tarihi daban, daga jumlarsu akwai littafi game da Saƙifa, yaƙin Jamal da yaƙin Siffin.

Rayuwa

Luɗ Bin Yahaya Bin Sa'id Bin Mikhnaf Bin Sulaimi Gamidi Azdi wanda aka fi sani da Abu Mikhnaf, ya fito ne daga ƙabilar Azdu a garin Kufa.[1] Mikhnaf Bin Sulaimi shi ne mahaifin kakan Abu Mikhnaf[2] ya kasance daga sahabban Annabin Muslunci,[3] da Imam Ali (A.S),[4] Imam Ali ya naɗa shi gwamnan Hamadan da Isfahan.[5] Yahaya Bin Sa'id shi ne mahaifin Abu Mikhnaf shi ma ya kasance daga sahabban Imam Ali (A.S).[6]

Abu Mikhnaf ya yi karatu a Kufa kuma ya ɗauki karatu daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S),[7] Jabir Ju'ufi, Majalid Bin Sa'id da Sa'aƙab Bin Zubairi.[8] Muhammad Fu'ad Sazegin (Rasuwa: 2017m) marubuci Musulmi, yana ganin an haifi Abu Mikhnaf a shekara ta 70 hijira.[9] Haka kuma game da tarihin rasuwarsa, Yaƙut Hamawi ya bayyana cewa ya rasu a shekara ta 157 hijira[10] shi kuma Shamsuddini Zahabi ya ce ya rasu a shekara ta 170 hijira.[11]

Sazegin, Abu Mikhnaf ya kasance daga malaman tarihi na zamanin umayyawa[12] shi kuma Najashi ya lissafa shi daga cikin sahabban Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) kuma ya rayu ne a zamanin mulkin sarakunan Abbasiyawa.[13]

Ingancin Riwaya

Abu Mikhnaf ya kasance abin dogara a cikin litattafan riwaya an sanya sunansa cikin jerina marawaita daga aka yi yabo a kansu, kishiyar wannan magana, Ahlus-Sunna sun raunana shi.

Malaman Hadisi Na Shi'a

Najashi, masanin ilimin rijala ƙarni na biyar, ya gabatar da Abu Mikhnaf a matsayin ɗanshi'a kuma daga sahabbai marawaitan hadisi a garin Kufa[14] shi kuma Shaik Ɗusi, ya kira shi da masanin fiƙihu kuma babban malamin hadisi na Shi'a, kuma ya kasance cikin sahabban Imam Sadiƙ (A.S).[15]

Allama Hilli (Rasuwa: 726 hijira) ya bayyana Abu Mikhnaf a matsayin masanin fiƙihu da aƙida kuma siƙa.[16] Ibn Dawud Hilli daga masana ilimin rijal a ƙarni na 7 hijira, ya lissafa Abu Mikhnaf daga cikin mutanen da aka yi yabo a kansu ba a kuma raunana su ba[17] Allama Majlisi (Rasuwa: 1110 hijira), ya lissafa Abu Mikhnaf a matsayin masanin fiƙihu da hadisi na Shi'a, sannan kuma a cikin littafin Al-Wajiza ya lissafa cikin mutanen da aka yi yabo a kansu,[18] Shaik Abbas Ƙummi (Rasuwa: 1359 hijira), ya bayyana shi a matsayin malamin hadisi na Shi'a, duk da cewa Abu Mikhnaf ya shahara da Shi'anci, amma malaman Ahlus-Sunna kamar Ɗabari da Ibn Asir tare da dogara da shi sun naƙalto riwayoyi daga gare shi.[19] Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi (Rasuwa: 1992m) ya kira shi da masanin ilimin rijal na Shi'a kuma siƙa abin dogaro.[20]

Malaman Hadisi Na Ahlus-Sunna

Ali Bin Umar Daruƙuɗni (Rasuwa: 385 hijira) malamin hadisi mabiyin mazhabar shafi'iyya, ya tafi kan cewa hadisan Abu Mikhnaf raunana ne,[21] shi kuma Ibn Adi Jurjani (Rasuwa: 365 hijira), masanin hadisi Ahlus-Sunna, ya siffanta Abu Mikhnaf da mutum mai wuce gona da iri, yana mai cewa naƙalin hadisai daga gare shi saboda dalilin raunanar sanadi ba ya halatta.[22]

Rubutun Tarihi

Abu Mikhnaf, ya rubuta riwayoyi da suke da alaƙa da futuhat (Nasarori), muhimman ranaku na Larabawa, halifofi da gwamnoni.[23] Ibn Nadim (Rasuwa: 385 hijira) masanin litattafai marubucin fihirisa daga Ahlus-Sunna, ya ce shi ne mutum mafi tsinkaye da sanin batutuwan da suka shafi ƙasar Iraƙi, tarihi da nasarorin wannan ƙasa.[24] Ɗabari a cikin littafinsa, ya ambaci riwayoyi kan da yawa-yawan muhimman abubuwan da suka faru har zuwa shekara ta 132 hijira, daga wurin Abu Mikhnaf.[25] An ce Abu Mikhnaf tare da zaɓi da kuma ambato muhimman abubuwa da suka faru a tarihin Hijaz, ya rubuta litattafai masu cin gashin kansu; misalin littafin Assaƙifa[26] littafin Arrida[27] littafin Jamal da littafin Siffin.[28]

Farko-farkon rahotannin tarihi na Abu Mikhnaf, riwayoyi ne game da rashin lafiyar Annabi (S.A.W).[29] Abu Mikhnaf ya himmatu cikin rubutun rahotanni game da Imam Ali (A.S),[30] Ibn Abil Al-Hadid ya ce riwayoyin kashe Imam Ali (A.S) da suka zo a littafin Maƙatiliɗ Ɗalibin sune mafi ingancin riwayoyi da aka naƙalto a cikin babin shahadar Imam Ali (A.S). waɗannan riwayoyi Abul Faraj Isfahani ne ya rawaito su daga Abu Mikhnaf.[31]

Ayyyuka

Babban labari: Fihirisar Rubuce-rubucen Abu Mikhnaf

Abu Mikhnaf ya yi rubutu game da yawa-yawan muhimman abubuwa da suka faru da muhimman batutuwa na tarihi, rubuce-rubucensa yawanci sun kasance ne game da shi'anci;[32] daga jumla akwai huɗubar Faɗima (S), yaƙin Jamal, Siffin, kashe Husaini (A.S) labarin shahadar Muhammad Bin Abubakar, miƙewar Imam Husaini (A.S) miƙewar Mukhtar, waɗanda aka yi ishara kansu filla-filla cikin litattafan ilimin rijal.[33]

Maƙtal Abu Mikhnaf

Babban labari: Maƙtalul Husaini (Abu Mikhnaf)

Abu Mikhnaf, marubucin Maƙtal Imam Husaini; ya kasance daga mafi shaharar da daɗewar rubutu da aka yi game da Imam Husaini (A.S) a ƙarni na biyu hijira ƙamari, ya wallafa wannan littafi ne da tsari da salon malaman hadisi (Naƙali);[34] Dinuri a cikin littafin Akhbaruɗ Ɗiwal[35] da Shaikh Mufid a cikin littafin Al-Irshad[36] suma sun kwaikwaye shi

An ce Maƙtal Abu Mikhnaf, Hisham Bin Kalabi ne ya rawaito shi, amma bayan shuɗewar zamani da dogon lokaci sai ya ɓace ɓat babu shi, littafin Maƙtal da yanzu ake jingina masa ba na sa bane.[37] Amma tare da haka wani sashe daga abin da Maƙtal na Abu Mikhnak ya tattaro an rawaito shi a wasu litattafan: Tarikh Ɗabari, Ansabul Ashraf, Al-Futuh, Murujuz Zahab, Maƙatilul Ɗalibin, Al-Irshad na Shaikh Mufid da Tazkiratul Khawas na Sibɗu Ibn Jauzi.[38]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Nadim, Al-Fihrist, 1393H, shafi. 105.
  2. ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, 1404 AH, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 70.
  3. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 6, shafi. 109.
  4. ↑ Tusi, Rijal al-Tusi, 1415 AH, shafi. 81.
  5. ↑ Abu Naeem Isfahani, Dhikr Akhbar Isfahan, 1377, shafi. 189.
  6. ↑ Ibn Shahr Ashub, Ma'alim al-Ulama, al-Mattabah al-Haydariyyah, shafi na. 93.
  7. ↑ Dhahabi, Mizan al-I'itidal, 1963, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 42.
  8. ↑ Dhahabi, Siyar A'alamil Nubala, 2006, juzu'i. 7, shafi. 310.
  9. ↑ Sezgin, Tarikh al-Turaht al-Arabiya, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 127.
  10. ↑ Yaqut Hamavi, Mu'ujamul Al-Udaba, 1400 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 41.
  11. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tarikhul Islam, 1408H, mujalladi. 3, shafi. 420.
  12. ↑ Sezgin, Tarikh al-Turaht al-Arabi, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 127.
  13. ↑ Najashi, Rijal al-Najashi, Islamic publication, shafi. 320.
  14. ↑ Najashi, Rijal al-Najashi, Islamic publication, shafi. 320.
  15. ↑ Tusi, Rijal Tusi, 1415 AH, shafi. 275.
  16. ↑ Hali, Khulasatul Aqwal, 1417H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 309.
  17. ↑ Ibn Dawud Hilli, Al-Rijal, 1383H, shafi. 282.
  18. ↑ Majlesi, al-Wajiza fi al-Rijal, 1420 AH, shafi. 145.
  19. ↑ Qomi, Al-Kuna wal-Al-Qaab, 1376 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 155.
  20. ↑ Khoi, Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, 1413, juzu'i. 15, shafi. 140.
  21. ↑ Darqutani, Kitab al-Du'afa Wal Matrokin, 1403, shafi. 333.
  22. ↑ Ibn Adi, Al-Kamil Fi Du'afa' al-Rijal, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 93.
  23. ↑ Brockelman, Tarikhul Adabil Al-Arabi, 1968, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 253.
  24. ↑ Ibn Nadim, Al-Fihrist, 1393H, shafi. 106.
  25. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, 1408H, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 342.
  26. ↑ Baladhari, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 585.
  27. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, 1408H, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 261.
  28. ↑ Abu Mikhnaf, Maƙtalul Imam Husaini bin Ali, Dar al-Mahjah, shafi. 9.
  29. ↑ Baladhari, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 568.
  30. ↑ Baladhari, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959 AD, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 206-208; Ibn Atham, Al-Futuh, 1406H, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 286; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, Muqatil al-Talibin, 1368H, shafi na 22-28 da 33-45.
  31. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharhu Nahj al-Balagha, 1378 AH, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 113.
  32. ↑ Ibn Nadeem, Al-Fahrst, 1393 AH, shafi na 105 da 106; Najashi, Rijal al-Najashi, Islamic publication, shafi. 320.
  33. ↑ Ibn Nadeem, Al-Fahrst, 1393H, shafi na 105; Najashi, Rijal al-Najashi, Islamic publication, shafi. 320; Tusi, Al-Fahrest, Mansurat Sharif Razi, shafi. 155.
  34. ↑ Sadr, Ta'asisul Shi'atul Kiram Li Funinil Islam, 1438H, shafi. 236.
  35. ↑ Ibn Qutaiba al-Dinuri, Al-Akhbar al-Tewal, 1373, shafi na 230-280.
  36. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, Al-Irshad, 1413H, 231.
  37. ↑ Abu Mukhnaf, Maqtal al-Imam Husayn ibn Ali, Dar al-Mahjah, shafi na. 30; Qummi, al-Kuna wa al-Alqab, 1376 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 155.
  38. ↑ Jabri, Usulul al-Maqtal al-Husaini, 1436 Hijiriyya, shafi na. 217.

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