Umratul Ƙada

Daga wikishia

Umratul ƙada (Larabci: عُمْرَةُ الْقَضاء) ko Umratul ƙisas, Umratun Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da musulmi, a cikin watan Zul-ƙa'ada a shekara ta bakwai ta Hijira, ana kiranta da Umratul ƙada Domin musulmi sun so yin Umra a shekarar da ta gabata shekara ta 6 bayan hijira, amma mushrikan ƙuraishawa sun kore su, suka hana su shiga Makka, an ƙulla yarjejeniyar Sulhun Hudaibiyya a tsakaninsu, ɗaya daga cikin sharuddan shi ne cewa musulmi su bar aikin Umra a wannan shekara su koma su yita a shekara mai zuwa.

A wannan Umrah, Manzon Allah (SAW S) ya yi ɗawafi a ɗakin Ka'aba, kuma ya yi sa'ayi tsakanin Safa da Marwa a kan raƙumi, ya taɓa dutsen Hajarul Aswad da sandarshi. Wasu malaman tafsiri sun bayyana cewa aya ta 194 a cikin suratul Baƙara ta sauka a lokacin aikin Umratul ƙada, kuma sun ce: A cikin tafiyar wannan umra aya ta 27 a cikin suratul Fath ta sauka, kuma Annabi tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi, ya auri Maimuna ƴar Al-harith.

Dalilin Wannan Suna Na (Umaratul ƙada'a)

A shekara ta bakwai bayan hijira.[1] Annabi (S.A.W), ya nufi Makka tare da jama'ar musulmi domin yin aikin Umra,[2] kuma wannan umra ramuwace,ta shekarar da ta gabata wadda aka haramta wa musulmi yinta.[3] A shekara ta 6 bayan hijira musulmi sun nufi Makka domin yin umara mufrada.[4] amma mushrikan Makka sun hana su yin umra, suka hana su shiga Makka, don haka aka ƙulla yarjejeniyar sulhun hudaibiyya a tsakaninsu, ɗaya daga cikinsu. sharuɗɗan da suka ce musulmi za su ƙauracewa aikin umra a wannan shekara, su koma sa yi a shekara mai zuwa.[5]

Malaman tarihi sun ambaci wasu sunaye na (Umratu al-ƙada'a), waɗanda su ne: (Umratu al-ƙada), (Gazwatu al-ƙada), da (Umratul al-ƙasas),[6] kuma ana kiran ta da umra ta ƙisasi, saboda da sun hana Manzon Allah (S.A.W) a watan Zul ƙi'ida a cikin wata mai alfarma na shekara ta 6, don haka Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya dauki fansa a kansu, kuma suka shiga Makka a cikin wata Zul ƙa'ada, a cikin wata mai alfarma wanda suka hana Annabi shiga garin Makka, a shekara ta 7 bayan hijira.[7] wasu masu tafsiri sun yi imani cewa wannan ayar﴿[8]الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ﴾ ta sauka ne a wannan waƙi'ar.[9]

Tafiya Makka

A shekara ta 7 bayan hijira, Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya umarci dukkan musulmin da suka halarci yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya da su fita zuwa Makka, domin rama umra, suka fita tare da shi suna masu umara yawansu ya kai dubu biyu,[10] kuma musulmi suka zo da raƙumma 60 domin yankawa,[11] Annabi (S.A.W) ya naɗa Abu Zar Gifari a matsayin magajinshi a Madina.[12]

A kan abin da aka yi ittifaƙi a cikin yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah, musulmi ba su tafi tare da makamai ba sai makamin matafiyi [Tsokaci 1] a lokacin da suka shiga Makka.[13] Ya zo da Mayaka 200 tare da makamai da dawakai waɗan da ya barsu a wajen garin Makka, domin ba da kariya ga musulmi idan hakan ta kama.[14]

Shiga Garin Makka

Lokacin da musulmi suka isa Makka wasu daga cikin jagororin makka suka fita daga cikinta,[15] wasu kuma suka tsaya a Makka, don kallon Annabi (S.A.W) da musulmi lokacin da za su shiga ,yayin da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya shiga masallaci, ya sanya mayafinshi, [Tsokaci 2] ya fitar da dantsanshi na dama, sai ya ce: Allah Ya yi rahama ga wanda a yau ya nuna musu ƙarfin kanshi.[16] Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi ɗawafi ya kewaya ka'aba da sassarfa tsakanin Safa da Marwa a lokacin da yake kan raƙuminshi.[17] Ya Sumbaci dutsen Hajarul Aswad.[18] Bayan Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi wa alihi Wasallam, ya kammala aikin Hajjin shi, ya shiga Ka'aba, sai Bilal ya hau kan Ka'aba, ya yi kiran Sallah.[19]

Ba'arin Abubuwan Da Suka Faru

A lokacin Umara ta ƙada wasu abubuwa sun faru ga su kamar haka: Auran Manzon Allah (S.A.W) da Maimuna ƴar Haris.[20] yayin da kwana uku na Manzon Allah da sahabbai suka ƙare a Makka, shugabannin Makka sun aika manzo zuwa ga Annabi(S.A.W), suka ce da shi ya bar Makka, amma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya shawararce su cewa ya yi bikin matar shi wa Maimuna a Makka, kuma ya shirya walima inda zai gayyaci mutanen Makka, amma shugabannin ƙuraishawa suka yi watsi da wannan shawara.[21]

Saukar aya ta 27 a cikin suratul Fatahu wadda ta kunshi wasu hukunce-hukunce na aikin hajji kamar kwalkwal da aski.[22] Ammara ƴar Hamza ɗan Abdul-muɗɗalib ta yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina, sai Manzon Allah(S.A.W) ya sanya ta a gidan mijin ƴar mahaifiyarta Jafar ɗan Abi ɗalib.[23]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-Balazari, Ansab al-Ashraf, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 353.
  2. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 455.
  3. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-amsal, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 107.
  4. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaiya Wal-Nihaiya, Juzu'i na 4, shafi na 164.
  5. ↑ Al-Bayhaqi, Dalailul Annubuwati, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 145.
  6. ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Imtaa al-Isma, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 330
  7. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah Al-Nabawiyah, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 370.
  8. ↑ البقرة: 194.
  9. ↑ Al-Wahidi Al-Nishaburi,Asbabu Nuzul Alkur'an, shafi na 58.
  10. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 25.
  11. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 25.
  12. ↑ Al-Balazari, Ansab al-Ashraf, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 353.
  13. ↑ Al-Bayhaqi, Dala'ilul Annubuwa, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 145.
  14. ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Imtaa al-Isma, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 331.
  15. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 455
  16. ↑ Al-Maqrizi, Imtaa al-Isma, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 19.
  17. ↑ Al-Waqadi, Al-Maghazi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 736.
  18. ↑ Al-Waqadi, Al-Maghazi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 735
  19. ↑ Al-Waqadi, Al-Magazi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 737.
  20. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah Al-Nabawiyah, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 372; Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 25; Al-Waqadi, Al-Magazi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 738.
  21. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah Al-Nabawiyah, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 372.
  22. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah Al-Nabawiyah, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 372-373.
  23. ↑ Al-Waqadi, Al-Maghazi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 738-739.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Abin da ake nufi daga makamin matafiyi shi ne takobi. Makarem Al-Shirazi, Al-amsal, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 13
  2. ↑ اضطبع: Saka mayafi a ƙarƙashin hannun dama da lullube hannun hagu dashi. Al-Maqrizi, Imta'a al-Isma, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 19

Nassoshi

  • "Alkur'ani mai girma".
  • Al-Balazari, Ahmed bin Yahya, "Ansab al-Ashraf", bincike: Sohail Zakkar, Riyaz al-Zarkali, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, juzu'i 1, 1417 AH.
  • Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmad bin Al-Husain, "'Dalail al-Nubawa da sanin yanayin ma'abocin shari'a'", Bincike: Abd al-Mati Qalaji, Beirut, Dar al-Katb al-Alamiya, Vol. 1, 1405 AH.
  • Al-Maqrizi, Taqi al-Din, "'Imta'a al-Isma'", bincike: Muhammad Abd al-Hamid al-Namisi, Beirut, Dar al-Katb al-Alamiya, Juzu'i na 1, 1420 AH.
  • Al-Tabari, Muhammad Bin Jarir, "Tarikh Al-umam wa Al-muluk", bincike: Muhammad Abul Fazl Ibrahim, Beirut, Darul-Tarath, juzu'i na 2, 1387H.
  • Al-Wahidi Al-Nishaburi, Ali Ibn Ahmad, "Asbab Al-Nuzul", Beirut, Dar Al-Katb al-Islamiyya, 1411H.
  • Al-Waqadi, Muhammad bin Omar, ""Littafin Al-Maghazi", Bincike: Jones Marsden, Beirut, Al-Alami Foundation, juzu'i na 3, 1409 AH.
  • Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik bin Hisham, "Al-Sirah al-Nabwiyyah", bincike: Mustafa al-Saqqa, Ibrahim al-Ibiari, da Abdul Hafiz Shalabi, Beirut, Dar al-Marafah, d.t.
  • Ibn Kathir Al-Damashqi, Ismail Ibn Omar, "Al-Bidaiya Wal-Nihaya", Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1407H.
  • Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad, "Tarikh Ibn Khaldun", Bincike: Khalil Shahadah, Beirut, Darul Fikr, juzu'i na 2, 1408H.
  • Makarem Al-Shirazi, Nasser, ""Al-Amsal", Tehran, Dar Al-Katb al-Islamiyya, Juzu'i na 1, 1374
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