Umar Ɗan Abdul-Aziz Ɗan Marwan

Daga wikishia

Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ɗan Marwan (Larabci: عُمَر بن عَبدالعَزيز بن مَروان) (63 - 101 AH), shi ne halifan Banu Umayya na takwas wanda ya yi mulki daga shekara ta 99 zuwa 101 bayan hijira, saboda salon mulkinshi ya sha bamban da sauran halifofin Banu Umayya, kuma daga nan ya zo a cikin majiyoyin Ahlus-Sunna daga Imam Baƙir (A.S), cewa ya ƙirga Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz daga cikin maɗaukakan Banu Umayya, sai dai kuma a wata ruwayar an ce an la'ance shi a sama sabo da ya zauna kan kujerar da ba haƙƙinshi ba ne, haƙƙi n na Imaman shi'a.

Tsawon halifancinshi shekara biyu ne da wata shida, daga cikin manyan ayyukanshi a lokacin halifancinshi akwai kawar da zagin Imam Ali (A.S), da mayar da Fadak ga `ya'yan Fatima (S), da bada umarnin rubuta Hadisin Annabi, da kuma mayar da abubuwan da sarakuna Banu suka karɓa a gun mutane ba tare da haƙƙi ba, kamar yadda gwamnan Madina kafin Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz, Walid ya faɗaɗa ginin masallacin Annabi (S.A.W), inda ya shigar da ɗakuna matan Annabi (S.A.W). Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya rasu a shekara ta 101 bayan hijira a garin Kanasira, kuma an binne shi a Dir Sam'an, kuma kabarinshi yana cikin kasar Siriya.

Dangi

An haifi Umar bin Abdul-Aziz a shekara ta 61,[1] 62,[2] ko 63 bayan hijira.[3] Al-kunyarshi ita ce Abu Hafsi, kuma Mahaifin shi ne Abdul-Aziz ɗan Marwan ɗan Hakam,[4] Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Ummu Asim `yar Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab.[5] Abdul-Malik ɗan Marwan ya yi mulki tsakanin shekaru 65-86, kuma shi ne kawun Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz, ya gayyace shi daga Madina zuwa Sham, ya aura mishi `yarsa Fatima, a karshen halifancinshi a shekara ta 85 bayan hijira, bayan rasuwar mahaifin Umar.[6]

Kafin Halifanci

A shekara ta 85 bayan hijira Abdul-malik ɗan Marwan ya naɗa Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz.[7] a matsayin gwamnan Kanasira (wani yanki a birnin halab a ƙasar Siriya).[8] sannan a shekara ta 87 bayan hijira Walid ɗan Abdul-malik ya naɗa Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz gwamnan jihar Madina.[9] kuma ya wakilta shi mai kula da al'amuran aikin hajji, amma sai aka cire shi daga miƙaminshi na gwamnan Madina,[10] sabo da bukatar Hajjaju ɗan Yusuf, don haka Hajjaj ya rubutawa Walid wasiƙa yana tunatar da shi al'amuran al'umma, ya ce: Wadanda suka gabace ni daga mutanen Iraki da ma'abota wayewa sun yi hijira daga Iraki, suka koma Madina da Makka, kuma wannan rauni ne.[11]

Ya sake gina masallacin Annabi (S.A.W) da faɗaɗa shi a lokacin da yake mulkin Madina.[12] a shekara ta 88 hajira Walid ya umarci Umar Abdul-Aziz da ya faɗaɗa masallacin annabi (S.A.W) kuma ya shigar da ɗakuna matan Annabi (S.A.W) cikin masallacin.[13]

Umar bin Abdul-Aziz ya yi sallar jana'iza ga Walid ɗan Abdul-malik a shekara ta 97 bayan hijira,[14] kuma Umar ya kasance mai bada shawara a likacin mulkin Sulaiman ɗan Abdulmalik daga sheakra ta 96-99 hijira, kazalika kuma shi ne ya yi mishi sallar Jana'iza bayan mutuwarshi.[15]

Halifanci

Umar ɗan Abdulaziz ya karbi ragamar halifanci a shekara ta 99 bayan Sulaiman ɗan Abdulmalik, kuma ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa shekara ta 101 bayan hijira.[16] Zuwan mulkinshi shhekara biyu da rabi,sai Sulaiman ɗan ɗan Abdulmalik yace domin kawo ƙarshan fitina yanemi naɗa Umar ɗan Abdulaziz a matsayin magajinsa,[17] sannan kuma halifan bayansa ya zama Yazid ɗan Abdul-malik.[18] ɗabari ya ambaci cewa bayan samun halifanci Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya yi Istarja'i (قال إنا لله وإنا إليه راجعون).[19] farkon halifancinsa: ya ce Babu wani Annabi bayan Annabinku, ko kuma bayan Littafin da aka saukar zuwa gare shi, ba bu wani littafi, ku sani Lallai ni ba mai hukunci ba ne, amma ni mai aiwatarwa ne, ku sani ni ba ni na fara ba kawai ni mabiyi ne."[20]

Tsare-tsare

• Ya dakatar da zagin Imam Ali (A.S), Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya ce bai halitta ba ga kowana mutum ya zagi imamu Ali (A.S).[21] Mu'awiya ɗan Abi Sufyan ya yi umarni da zagin Imam Ali (A.S), wanda yake shi Sahabi ne na Annabi kuma shi imami ne na ɗaya ga shi'a, an dinga zaginsa kan manbarorin masallatai tsawan shekara sittin.[22] ya zo cewa lokacin da baban Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz yake a raye ya kasance yana sukar Imam Ali (A.S), amma shi Ubaidullahi ɗan Abdullahi ya dace da malamin shi ya kasance yana ambatan Imamu Ali (A.S) da alheri.[23]

• Mayar da Fadak; Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya mayar da Fadak zuwa `ya'yan Fatima (S)[24] amma a lokacin Mu'awiya ya bada ita ga Marwan shima ya bada ita ga ɗanshi Abdul-Aziz, to daga nan ne Umar ya gaje ta.[25] ita dai Fadak ta kasance guri ne mai kyau wajan noma wanda yake kusa da Khaibar a cikin yanki Hijaz.[26] tana da nisan kilomita 160 daga Madina,[27] kuma Yahudawa ne suka kasance suna rayuwa a cikinta sai Annabi ya buɗeta ba tare da anyi yaƙ ba sai shi Annabi ya bada ita kyauta ga `yar shi Fatima (S).[28] sai Abubakar ya kwaceta daga Fatima ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfin mulki.[29] kazalika daga cikin ayyukan Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz akwai bada Khumusi ga Bani Hashim.[30]

• Ya halatta rubuta hadisi: Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya yi umarni da a rubuta hadisi a wata wasiƙa da ya rubuta zuwa ga Abi Bakar ɗan Hazam cewa ya rubuta hadisan Annabi (S.A.W),[31] kamar yadda hana rubuta hadisan manzo ya gabata a lokacin khalifancin Abubakar..[32]

• Ya yafe haraji da Jizya: a wata wasiƙa da Umar ɗan Abdul'azia ya rubuta zuwa ga ma'aikacinshi a Kufa mai suna Abdulhamid ɗan Abdurrahaman ƙari kan tsaida adalci da kyautatawa da gina ƙasa,to ya umarceshi da ya soke haraji kan musulmi,[33] kazalika ya umarci duk ma'aikatashi da kada su karbi Jizya daga sababbun waɗan da suka musulta.[34]

• Daga cikin ayyukan shi akwai tattaunawa da Kawarij: Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya bude kofar tattaunawa da Kawarij kuma ya gamsar da su cewa zubar da jini abin ne marar kyau kuma bai kamata ba,[35] kuma ya yi kira ga Shauzab Alkhariji domin yin muƙabala wanda shi ne ya yi tawaye ga gwamnati a wancan lokacin sai shi Shauzab ya karbi gayyatar shi ya kuma tura mutum biyu daga cikin Kawarij domin yin muƙabala da shi.[36]

• Ya mayar da Hakkoki; dukiyar da gwamnati ta karba ba bisa ƙa'ida ba] ya zo a cikin hadisai cewa Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz a mulkishi ya kula da mayar kuɗaɗan da aka amsa bisa zalinci ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.[37]

Matsayin Imam Bakir (A.S)

Lokacin mulki Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya dace da lokacin Imam Baƙir (A.S) a shekar 99 zuwa 101, wannan ya sa akwa wasu hadisai da suke magana kan alaƙa tsakanin imamu Baƙir A S da Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz,kai wasu masu bincike sunyi imani cewa matsayin imau Baƙir A S ga Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz shi ne matsayi na nasiha.[38] kuma ya kasance yana yimishi nasiha da ya yi alkairi ga mutane kuma yana jankunnanshi kan sakamakon mai zalinci, kuma imam ya kasance yana ganin wannan wa'azin da nasiha sundace da Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz sabo da ƙoƙarinshi nazama mutum mai adalci.[39]

Kuma hadisai sun naƙalto cewa imamu Baƙir ya kasance yana kiranshi da maɗaukacen Bani Umayya,[40] amma duk da haka imamu ya yi imani da cewa sama zata la'anceshi bayan mutuwarshi duk da cewa shi ya yi ƙoƙarin yin adalci, sabo da ya zauna a kujera mulkin da ba ta shi ba, wannan kujera hakki ne Imamai (A.S).[41]

Wafatin shi (mutuwarshi)

Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz ya rasu a watan rajab shekara ta 101 bayan hijira a Kanasira yana da shekaru 39, an binne shi a Dir Sama'an,[42] da ke yankin Humsi na kasar Sham,[43] yana da tazarar kilomita 6 daga Ma'arratu Al-nu'uman (wani gari a gabashin Siriya] a karni na shida Banu Umayya sun gina Zariha a kan kabarinshi.[44]

Wasu sunyi imani da cewa iyalan gidan Banu Umayya sun shayar da Umar ɗan Abdul-Aziz samu ne tsoran kada mulki ya fita daga hannusu.[45]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-bidaya wal annihaya, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 192.
  2. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Muluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 427.
  3. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 254.
  4. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 253.
  5. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 254.
  6. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Badaiya Wal-Nihaiya, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 193.
  7. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhi Daulatu Banu Umayyah, shafi na 136.
  8. ↑ Al-Hamawi, Majam al-Baldan, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 314.
  9. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 255; Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 427.
  10. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 481.
  11. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 481-482
  12. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 284.
  13. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 284; Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 436.
  14. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 495.
  15. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubara, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 260.
  16. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 566.
  17. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 550.
  18. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 578.
  19. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 552.
  20. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 262.
  21. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 305.
  22. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, tarikh Ibn Khaldun, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 94.
  23. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-bidaya wa Annihaya, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 193.
  24. ↑ Al-Balazari, Fatuh al-Baldan, shafi na 41; Al-Amini, Al-Ghadir, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 264; Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 305.
  25. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 216; Al-Yakoubi, Tarikh Al-Yakoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 305-306.
  26. ↑ Al-Hamawi, Majam al-Baldan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 238.
  27. ↑ Al-Hamawi, Majam al-Baldan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 238.
  28. ↑ Sobhani, Forough Velayat, 1380, shafi na 219; Al-Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 478.
  29. ↑ Al-Mafid, Al-Maqna, shafi na 289-290.
  30. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 305.
  31. ↑ Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 33.
  32. ↑ Al-Dahabi, Tazkira al-huffaz, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 11-12.
  33. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 569.
  34. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Al-Tabataq al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 301, 275;
  35. ↑ Al-Masoodi, Moruj al-Dahahab, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 190-193.
  36. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 203.
  37. ↑ Ibn Sa’d, Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 263; Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 305.
  38. ↑ Dilami, “Shaksiyyat Umar bin Abdulaziz wa didgahe Imam Baqir (a.s) darbaraye u.
  39. ↑ Al-Yaqubi, Tarikh Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 305.
  40. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tadhkirat al-Huffaz, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 119.
  41. ↑ Al-Rawandi, Al-Kharaj wa Al-Jarah, shafi na 276.
  42. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-uman wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 566.
  43. ↑ Al-Masodi, Al-Taniyah wa Eshraf, shafi na 276
  44. ↑ «ضریح الخلیفة عمر بن عبدالعزیز».
  45. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 308.

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