Shekarun Taklifi
Shekarun taklifi, (Larabci: سن التكليف) ishara ce zuwa wani keɓantaccen lokaci wanda aa mahangar shari'a cikin wannan lokaci ya zama wajibi a wuyan mutum ya sauke ayyukan addini, kuma za a zartar da haddodin Allah a kansa.[1]
Kan asasin masshur na malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, shekarun taklifi ga yara maza yana kasancewa daga ƙarshen shekaru 15 na hijira ƙamari (Daidai da shekaru 14 da watanni 6 da kwana 20 a kalandar Farsi)[2] Wannan ra'ayi ya jingina da madogara ta riwaya da aka naƙalto daga Imamai Ma'asumai (A.S).[3]
Game da shekarun taklifi na yara mata akwai mabambantan ra'ayoyi da malaman fiƙihu suka gabatar[4] wanda galibi wannan saɓani ya faru daga abin da ya zo a riwaya.[5] Muhammad Is'haƙ Fayyaz[6] da Yusuf Sani'i[7] daga malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a a ƙarni na 21 miladiyya, sun tafi kan ra'ayin kasancewar shekarun taklifi na yara mata shi ne shekara 13, mafi muhimmancin madogararsu ita ce riwayar Ammar Sabaɗi daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S).[8] A cikin wannan riwaya an bayyana shekaru 13 matsayin shekarun taklifi ga yara maza da yara mata.[9]
Ba'arin daga malaman fiƙihu a ƙoƙarin tattaro riwayoyin duka da suka sassaɓa da juna tare kuma da fitar da hukunci daga cikinsu, sun rarrabe mabambantan taklifai daga riwayoyi.[10] Alal misali, Faizul Kashani (Rasuwa:1091 hijira) ya rarrabe shekaru taklifi ga mace, ya bayyana cewa shekarun taklifi cikin wasu abubuwa na kankin kai misalin sallah da azumi shi ne shekara 13, cikin zartar da haddodi na shari'a kuma shekara 9, a cikin abubuwa misalin ƴantar da bawa da wasiyya kuma ya tafi kan shekaru 10.[11]
Batun shekarun taklifi yana da alaƙa da dangantaka mai ƙarfi tare da balaga, kuma ita balaga ɗaya ce daga sharuɗɗan taklifi da aka yi bahasi da bincike kansu a babuka daban-daban na fiƙihu.[12] Malaman fiƙihu sun bayyana cewa cika shekarun taklifi ɗaya ne daga ma'aunan balaga.[13]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Rajai, Al-Mas'eel al-Fiqhiyah, 1421ƙ, shafi. 166; Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407ƙ, juzu'i. 7, shafi na 197-198.
- ↑ Misali, duba Bahrani, Al-Hada'iq al-Nadhra, 1363SH, juzu'i. 20, shafi. 348.
- ↑ Rajai, Al-Masā’il al-Fiqhiyah, 1421ƙ, shafi. 159.
- ↑ Misali, duba Faizul Kashani, Mafatih al-Shara'i, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 14.
- ↑ Misali, duba Borujerdi, Jame'u Ahadith al-Shi'a, 1415ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 353 da juzu'i. 20, shafi na 181-182; Noor Mafidi, Nazarin Shari'a na Balaga 'Yan Mata, 1395SH, shafi. 201.
- ↑ «تغییر فتوای یکی از مراجع تقلید درباره سن تکلیف دختران»، Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Hauza.
- ↑ Sanei, Bulug Dokhtaran, 1386SH, shafi na 35-36.
- ↑ Rajai, Al-Masa’il al-Fiqhiyah, 1421ƙ, shafi. 168.
- ↑ Borujerdi, Jami'au Ahadith al-Shi'a, 1415ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 353.
- ↑ Noor Mafidi, Barrasi Fiƙhi Buluge Dokhran, 1395SH, shafi 252-253.
- ↑ Faizul Kashani, Mafatih al-Shara'i, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 14.
- ↑ Jannati, Nazriyye Tahawwul Shariat Ba Tahawwul Zaman, Dar Kitabe Bulug Dokhtaran (edited by Mehdi Mehrizi), 1376SH, shafi. 269.
- ↑ Sheikh Tusi, Al-Mabsut fi fiqhe al-Imamiyah, 1387ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 283; Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, 1362SH, juzu'i. 26, shafi. 42.
Nassoshi
- Bahrani, Youssef, al-Hadaiq al-Nadrah fi Ahkamil al-Itrah al-Tahira, Qom, Gidan Wallafa na Musulunci., 1363SH.
- Boroujerdi, Seyyed Hossein, Wallafar Jame Ahadith al-Shi'a, Qum, bugun Mehr, 1415ƙ.
- «تغییر فتوای یکی از مراجع تقلید درباره سن تکلیف دختران»، (Canza fatawar ɗaya daga cikin maraji'a dangane da shekarun balaga ga 'yan mata.) Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Hauza (Hawzah News Agency), ranar da aka wallafa labarin: 20 ga watan Mayu, 2021; ranar da aka duba labarin: 18 ga watan Maris, 2025M
- Jannati, Mohammad Ibrahim, Nazriyye Tahawwul Shari'at Ba Tahawwul Zaman, Dar Kitabe Bukuge Dokhtaran (Mahrizi Mahrizi ya gyara), Qom, Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci da Bincike, 1376SH.
- Raja’i, Seyyed Mohammad, Al-Masā’il al-Fiqhiyah, Qom, Wallafe-wallafen Kimiyya, bugu na farko, 1421ƙ.
- Sheikh Tusi, Mohammad bn Hassan, Al-Mabsut fi fiqhi al-Imamiyah, gyara Mohammad Baqir Behbudi, Tehran, Ofishin al-Murtadawiyyah don Rayar da Ayyaukan Ja’fari, bugu na uku, 1987SH.
- Sanee, Yusuf, Bulug Dokhtarn, Qum, Maysam Tamar, 1386SH.
- Faizul Kashani, Mohammad ibn Shah Murtaza, Mafatih al-Shari’a, bincike na Sayyid Mahdi Raja’i, Qum, Ayatullah Mar’ashi Najafi (Allah Ya yi masa rahama), 1401ƙ.
- Kulaini, Muhammad bn Yaqub, Al-Kafi, Ali Akbar Ghaffari da Muhammad Akhundi, Tehran, Wallafar Darul Kutb al-Islamiyya suka gyara, 1407ƙ.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Jawaher al-Kalam, Beirut, Dar Ihyaa Turat al-Arabi, 1362SH.
- Noormufidi, Sayyid Mojtabi, NaBarrasi Fiqihi Bulug Dokhtaran, Qum, Cibiyar Shari'a ta Imamai Tsarkaka (A.S), 1395SH.