Ibrahim Adhama

Daga wikishia
Kabarin Ibrahim Adhama

Ibrahim Adhama (arabic: إبراهيم بن أدهم) wanda ya rayu a tsakanin shekara ta 80-161, yana daga cikin Arifai wanda suka yi zamani daya da Imamai uku na Shi’a, Ma’ana Imam Sajjad (A.S) Imam Bakir (A.S) Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ba a ambaci sunansa ba a dadaddun litattafan Ilimin Rijal na Shi’a ba, amma tare da haka wasu `Yan Shi’a suna Kidaya shi cikin Sufaye. Hakika Ibrahim Adhama ya fito daga babban gida da suka kasance Sarakunan garin Balakh, kwatsam sai aka ga ya karkata zuwa ga Zuhudu, bayan ya tuba sai ya tafi Makka ya je ya zauna da Manya-Manyan Sufaye na can, bayan wani lokacin sai ya koma garin Sham ya zauna a can har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, ana ganin shi ne Tushen ba’arin wasu Darikun Sufaye daga Jumlarsu akwai Darikun Adhamiyya da Nakabashandiya. Bayani dangane da rayuwar Ibrahim Adhama Ayyukansa da Halayensa duk an nakalto su cikin litattafan Irfani, hakika Ibrahim Adhama yana ganin yin Aure da haihuwar `Ya`ya matsayin wani abu da basa haduwa da Zuhudu, Shakik Balakhi yana daga mafi shaharar Almajiran Ibrahim Adhama

Tarihin Rayuwa

Ibrahim Adhama Bn Sulaiman Bn Mansur, daya daga cikin Manya-manyan Jagororin Makarantar Zuhudu, [1] ya kasance daga cikin Arifan Karni na Goma h kamari [2] ana masa Alkunya da Abu Is’hak [3] ko kuma Al’ijili [4] an haifi Ibrahim Adhama a shekara ta 80, [5] ko 100 h kamari [6] cikin wasu Dangi Ajamawa [7] ko Larabawan Bani Tamim [8] a garin Balakh wani bangare daga Kurasan [9] Zahabi Marubucin littafin Tarikh Islam ya tafi kan cewa an haifi Ibrahim Adhama ne a cikin Garin Makka lokacin da Mahaifansa suka je aikin Hajji [10] hakika Ibrahim Adhama da Mahaifansa sun kasance daga Gidan Saurata [11] kuma Sarakuna [12] Manyan Mutane a garin Balakh [13] kan asasin rahotannin Tarihi hakika Ibrahim Adhama Karaga da kambun Sarauta da tarin kayan Alatu da more rayuwa basu rude shi ba, haka duka ya barsu ya yi hijira zuwa duniyar Zuhudu da talauci ya shagaltu da Sululki da tsarkake Nafsu. [14] An yi wallafe-wallafen litattafai masu yawan gaske game da halayensa da Nasihohinsa. [15] wasu ba’arin Masadir misalin Tazkiratul Auliya talifin Attar Naishaburi sun bada rohoto kan haduwar Ibrahim Adhama da Annabi Khidir, da kuma samun nasarar tsinkaye kan Ismul A’azam. [16]

Karkatuwa Zuwa Ga Zuhudu

Masadir daban-daban na Muslunci sun kawo bayanin dalilai daban-daban kan karkatuwar Ibrahim Adhama zuwa ga Zuhudu da watsi da duniya, daga jumlarsu akwai wani sauti na gaibi da ya ji lokacin da ya yi niyyar yin Farauta, [17] ko kuma jin muryar Barewa tana Magana, [18] ko kuma ganin wani Lebura da cikin kwanciyar hankali da Annashuwa tare da karancin abin more rayuwa, [19] kan asasin wani yanki daga rahotanni, hakika an bayyana cewa babban dalilin karkatuwarsa zuwa ga Zuhudu da watsi da duniya, shi ne tsoron Kwanciyar Kabari da kuma nisan tafiyar Alkiyama tare da rashin wadataccen guzuri da jabbariyar Ubangiji da rashin uzuri ga Bawa. [20] [yadasht 1] A Imaninsa, shiga Zuhudu da kaiwa ga Mukamin Salihai yana da Sharudda, daga jumlarsu: rufe kofar Ni’ima da bude kofar tsanani, rufe kofar Izza, bude kofar Kaskanta, rufe kofar hutu da bude kofar zage dantse, rufe kofar bacci da bude kofar ido bude, rufe kofar wadata da bude kofar talauci, rufe kofar buri bude kofar mutuwa. [21] Muhsin Kara’ati, Marubuci na wannan zamani, ya ganin cewa zuhudu irin na Ibrahim Adhama ya saba da Mafhumin Zuhudu a Muslunci, [22] ya bayyana cewa irin wannan zuhudu na Ibrahim Adhama yana cikin Zuhudun da Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) ya yi hani kanda tare da zargi kan masu yinsa, [23] Ibrahim Adhama yana ganin yin aure da haihuwa ya sabawa Zuhudu, [24] sannan yana ganin wajibi ne mai zuhudu ya kauracewa shiga cikin mutane ya ware kansa can gefe. [25]

Hijira Zuwa Makka Da Sham

Ibrahim Adhama bayan Tuba ya tafi garin Naishabur, tsawon shekaru tara yana zaune cikin wani Kogon wani Dutse da ake kira da suna Al-basra’u, [26] bayan nan kuma sai ya tafi Makka, [27] Zahabi Masanin tarihi da hadisi daga bangaren Ahlus-sunna, yana ganin dalilin da ya Ibrahim Adhama barin garin Balakh ba komai bane illa tsoron Abu Muslim Kurasani, [28] Ibrahim Adhama a zamansa a Makka ya samu damar sanin Manya-Manyan Sufaye misalin Sufyanul Sauri da Fudailu Bn Iyad [29] bayan nan kuma sai ya tafi Sham [30] ana ganin shi ne musabbabin habbakar zuhudu da Irfani a garin Sham. [31]

Wafati

Masadir daban-daban na tarihi sun nakalto cewa Ibrahim Adhama ya mutu a shekara ta 160 h kamari, [32] shekara ta 161 h kamari, [33] shekara ta 162 h kamari, [34] shekara ta 166 h kamari [35] an bada rahoton kan cewa ya mutu mutuwa ta dabi’a, [36] duk da cewa wasu sun yi Imani cewa an kashe shi ne a cikin daya daga Yakokin da aka yi da Rumawa [37] a wani yanki da ake kira Sukin [38] akwai sabanin kan batun inda aka binne shi, wasu suna ganin an binne shi a yankin Sur daya daga cikin garuruwan da suke a gabar Tekun Sham. [39]

Matsayi

Ana kirga Ibrahim Adhama cikin jerin Sahun Manyan Sufayen Muslunci misalin Hasanul Basari wanda ya mutu shekara ta 110 h kamari, Malik Dinar, Rabi’atu Adwiyya, Shakik Balakhi wanda aka fi sani Karaji [40]wanda ya mutu shekara ta 200 h kamari. [yadasht 2] wasu suna ganin a lokacinsa sunan Sufi ya samu yaduwa. [41] Hakika Sufayen garin Balakh daga jumlarsu akwai Ibrahim Adhama, sun tasirantu da Makarantar Sufanci ta Basara, da kuma hususiyoyin wannan makaranta misalin wuce gona da iri cikin Zuhudu, yawan Ibada, tsoro da lazimtar Talauci . [42] Ibrahim Adhama ya tasirantu da wasu fitattun Mutane a Sufanci misalin Hasanul Basari da Sufyanul Sauri, [43] daidai lokacin da Shi kuma Sufancin Sham ya tasirantu matuka da Ibrahim Adhama, [44] haka zalika sauyin zuhudu da ibada da kuma Tarbiyya ta Sufanci duka sun samu ne bisa la’akari da Tasirorinsa. [45] Ana kirga Ibrahim Adhama daga Jumlar Malaman Hadisi, [46] cikin littafin ilimin Rijal na Ahlus-sunna an yabe shi sosai a wurare da daman gaske kuma sun bayyana cewa yana daga cikin Sahabban Abu Hanifa da Sufyanul Sauri. [47] Abu Hanifa Shugaban Mazhabar Hanafiyya daga Ahlus-sunna [48] da Junaidu Bagdadi sun kasance suna ambatonsa da lakubba na girmama, [49] ta yanayin ta kai cewa wadannan lakubba sun cika Wakokin Arifai da Sufaye, [50] a cewar Zainul Abidin Shirawani wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1194-1253 h kamari, wanda ya kasance Marubuci kuma mawaki Sufi ya bayyana cewa ba a samu sunan Ibrahim Adhama cikin tsofaffin littafan ilimin Rijal na Shi’a, [51] Sayyid Muhsin A’araji Kazimi wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1130-1227 Malamin Fikihu na Shi’a yana ganin Ibrahim Adhama yana cikin Jerin Sahun Kumailu Bn Ziyad, Bishir Bn Haris Maruzi da AbaYazid Bastami kuma dukkaninsu Mazaje ne `Yan Shi’a Sufaye. [52] Yana ganinsa matsayin Tushen Darikun Sufaye, [53] da wannan ne Malamin yake ganin Darikun Sufaye [54] Adhamiyya Nakabashandiya sun samu ne daga Imam Sajjad (A.S) amma ta wasida da tsanin Ibrahim Adhama, [55][yadahst 3]

Alakarsa Da Ma’asumai (A.S)

Ibrahim Adhama ya yi zamani daya da Imam Sajjad (A.S) [56] Imam Bakir (A.S) da kuma Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), Masadir sun bada rahoto kan alakarsa dasu, akwai zaman da ya yi a wurin Imam Sajjad (S.A.W) sannan ganawarsa da Imami na hudu da wasiyyar da Imam ya yi masa shima ya zo cikin Masadir na Shi’a . [57] Zainul Abidin Sharawani, ya yi Magana kan Haduwar Ibrahim Adhama da Imam Bakir (A.S) [58] Muhammad Kazim Asrar Tabrizi wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1265-1315 h kamari, Mawaki Sufi a zamanin Sarakunan Kajariyawa, yana Ganin Ibrahim Adhama yana cikin Muridan Imam Bakir (A.S) [59] akwai riwaya da Ibrahim Adhama ya rawaito daga Imamai kuma an ambatonta ya zo cikin litattafan riwaya. [60] Cikin littafin Safinatul Al-Bihar da cikin wasu Masadir din daban ya zo cewa cikin waki’ar fitowar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) daga Kufa zuwa Madina hakika Ibrahim Adhama yana cikin gayyar `yan rakiyarsa, [61] wasu riwayoyin sun nakalto cewa Ibrahim Adhama yana cikin Hadiman Imam Sadiƙ (A.S). [62]

Malamai Da Almajirai

Ibrahim Adhama ya nakalto riwaya daga Imam Bakir (A.S) da ta hannun Muhammad Bn Zayad Jahami, Abi Is’hak, Malil Bn Dinar, A’amash da kuma Mahaifinsa, [63] Mafi shaharar Almajirinsa shi ne Shakik Balakhi wanda ya kasance cikin Manyan Arifai daga Almajiran Imam Kazim (A.S) [64] kan asasin ra’ayin Mashhur [65] Shakik Muridi ne da ya samu tarbiyya a hannun Ibrahim Adhama, [66] kuma ya kasance Abokinsa. [67] Cikin Wakoki Da Adabi Hakika tsarin rayuwa da halaye da nasihohin Ibrahim Adhama ya yadu sosai cikin Baitukan Wakoki musammam wakokin Irfani da Sufanci, ta yanayin da hikayoyinsa sun bazu cikin Maudu’ai daban-daban misalin Tarihin rayuwa [68] Kissar Tubansa da hijira zuwa Zuhudu, [69] sababin Hijirarsa [70] haduwarsa da Annabi Khidir, [71] da dansa, [72] Munajati [73] Karamomi, [74] hikaya da Maudu’ai daban-daban [75] duka sun zo cikin ziri da zuben wakoki.

Bayanin kula

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