Hadis Tashbiyya

Daga wikishia

Hadis Tashbiyyah (Larabci حديث التشبيه) ko hadisin Kwatantawa wani hadisi ne daga Annabi (S.A.W) wanda cikinsa aka Kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa cikin ba’arin falalarsa, kan asasin wannan hadisi falaloli kamar misalin ilmin Annabi Adamu (A.S), Taƙawar Annabi Salihu (A.S) haƙurin Annabi Ibrahim (A.S) Haibar Annabi Zariyya (A.S) Zuhudun Annabi Dauda (A.S) Ibadar Annabi Isa (A.S) duka an ambace su kan Imam Ali (A.S), wannan hadisi an naƙalto shi daga Masadir na Shi’a da Ahlus-sunna ta hanyar Sahabbai misalin Abdullahi Bn Abbas, Abdullahi Bn Mas’ud, Abu Al-Hamra da Anas Bn Malik. A mahangar Malaman Shi’a, Hadis Tashbiyya hadisi ne da yake bayyana daidaitar Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa cikin Siffofin da aka ambata da kuma fifitarsa, da wannan dalili ne ana ganin wannan hadisi yana shiryarwa kan halifancinsa da imamancinsa, wasu jama’a suna lissafa wannan hadisi dalili kan fifitar Imam Ali (A.S) kan sauran Annabawa in banda Annabin Muslunci(S.A.W). Wannan hadisi a mahangar Malaman Shi’a hadisi ne ingantacce; amma wasu adadi daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna ba su yarda da hadisin ba, Mujalladi na goma sha shida na littafin “Aƙbatul Al-Anwar” ya keɓantu da bahasi kan sanadi da ma’anar wannan riwaya wanda aka masa take “Khulasatul Aƙbatul Al-Anwar;Hadis Tashbihu” aka buga shi.

Matani Da Gabatarwa

عَنْ عَبْدِاللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: کُنَّا جُلُوساً عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ: مَنْ‏ أَرَادَ أَنْ‏ یَنْظُرَ إِلَى‏ آدَمَ‏ فِی‏ عِلْمِهِ‏ وَ إِلَى نُوحٍ فِی سِلْمِهِ وَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِیمَ فِی حِلْمِهِ وَ إِلَى مُوسَى فِی فِطَانَتِهِ وَ إِلَی دَاوُدَ فِی زُهْدِهِ فَلْیَنْظُرْ إِلَی هَذَا قَالَ فَنَظَرْنَا فَإِذَا عَلِیُّ بْنُ أَبِی طَالِبٍ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ


Daga Abdullahi Bn Abbas yace: mun kasance a zaune wurin Manzon Allah (S.A.W) sai yace: duk wanda yake so ya kalli Adamu cikin iliminsa, Nuhu cikin sulhunsa, Ibrahim cikin Juriyarsa, Musa cikin kaifin basirarsa, Dauda cikin zuhudunsa to ya kalli wannan mutumin, sai muka waiwaya kawai sai muka ga Ali Bn Abi ɗalib ya fuskanto.


[1]


Hadisin tashbiyya wani hadisi ne daka naƙalto shi daga Annabi (S.A.W) wanda cikinsa cikin wasu ba’arin falaloli aka kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa, wannan hadisi ya zo da mabambantan lafuzza cikin litattafan Shi’a [2] da Ahlus-sunna [3] Kalmomin hadisin sun banbanta kan Annabawan da aka kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da su, cikin ba’arin masadir an kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa Ulul Azmi da Nuhu (A.S) [4] cikin littafin Kamalud Ad-dini talifin Shaik Saduƙ, cikin jerin waɗanann Annabawa an ambaci sunan Annabi Dauda (A.S) [5] a ba’arin wasu naƙali, an kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da Adamu (A.S), Ibrahim (A.S), Musa (A.S) Yahaya (A.S), Yahaya (A.S), Shisu (A.S), Idris (A.S). [6] cikin ba’arin Masadir na Ahlus-sunna nan ma an ambaci kamanceceniyar Imam Ali (A.S) da Adamu (A.S), Nuhu, Ibrahim, Yahaya da Musa (A.S), [7] cikin littafin Al-Manaƙib na Magazili kamanceceniyarsa da Adamu da Nuhu kaɗai aka yi bayani. [8] Cikin ba’arin Naƙali, nan ma an kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da Kwarjinin Israfilu da Girmamar Jibrilu da martabar Mika’ilu. [9] Ana kiran wannan hadisi da sunan Hadis Ashbahu. [10] Khadi Nurullahi Shushtari, [11] Mir Hamid Husaini [12] sun tattaro marawaitan wannan hadisi, isnadi da kuma mabambanta lafuzzansa.

Fuskoki Da Wuraren Da Aka Kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) Da Annabawa

An ce kan asasin hadis tashbiyya, Ali (A.S) ya kasance wanda ya ɗabi’antu da ɗabi’un Annabawa ya kuma siffantu da siffofin zaɓaɓɓu. [13] Muhammad Yusuf Ganji Shafi’i, Malamin Ahlus-sunna ɗan mazhabar Shafi’iyya a ƙarni na bakwai, cikin ƙarin bayani game da fuskokin kamanceceniya yace: fuskar kamanceceniyar Ali (A.S) da Adamu ta kasance saboda daidai da aya ta 31 suratul Baƙara Allah maɗaukaki ya sanar da Adamu hususiyar dukkanin abubuwa da za su fasu da wanda za su zo, [14] haka kuma fuskar kamanceceniyarsa da Nuhu (A.S) [15] ta kasance cikin hikima ko hukunci wanda Imam Ali (A.S) ya kasance mai tsanantawa kan Kafirai mai kuma tausasawa kan Muminai, [16] kasancewa an siffanta Annabi ibrahim (A.S) a cikin Alkur’ani da Mutum haƙuri da dauriya,[17] Imam Ali (A.S) ya yi kamanceceniya da shi a wannan siffa. [18] A cewar Muhammad Bn ɗalha Shafi’i, daga Malaman Shafi’iyya a ƙarni na shida da na bakwai h ƙamari, cikin wannan hadisi Annabi (S.A.W) ya kwatanta Ali (A.S) da Adamu cikin ilimi, Nuhu (A.S) cikin Taƙawa, cikin haƙuri Ibrahim (A.S), cikin kwarjini misalin Musa (A.S) cikin ibada kamar ibadar Isa (A.S). [19] a ra’ayin Malamin kwatanta Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa cikin siffofin da aka ambata suna shiryarwa kan samuwar mafi ɗaukakar daraja ga Imam Ali (A.S) cikin waɗannan siffofi. [20] A cewar Ahmad Bn Muhammad Asimi, daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na huɗu da biyar h ƙamari, cikin littafin “Zainul Al-Fata” bayan naƙalto hadisin tashbiyya. Sai ya yi sharhi kan mabambantan kamanceceniyar Imam Ali (A.S) da Adamu, Nuhu, Ibrahim, Yusuf, Musa, Dauda, Sulaiman, Ayyuba, Yahaya, Isa da Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W). [21] [yadahst 1] Allama Majlisi shima a cikin littafin Biharul Al-Anwar, ya naƙalto hadisai da fuskokin kamanceceniya da daidaita Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa cikin falaloli ƙarƙashin babi da yake da wannan take “Hadis tashbihu” sannan ya yi bayani. [22]

Shiryarwa Kan Fifitar Imam Ali (A.S)

Wasu jama’a daga Malaman Shi’a suna ganin Hadis tashbiyya dalili kan fifitar Imam Ali (A.S) kan sauran mutane, da wannan dalili ne suke ƙidaya wanann hadisi ɗaya daga cikin dalilai kan Imamanci da halifancinsa, [23] haka kuma wasu ba’ari suna ganin kamanceceniyar dalili ne kan fifiko Imam Ali (A.S) kan bakiɗayan Annabawa in banda Annabin Muslunci (A.S) saboda Imam Ali (A.S) ya tattaro duk wata hususiya da falala da ɗayansu ya keɓantu da ita, da wannan ne ya fifici wanda ya keɓanta da iya falalarsa daga Annabawa. [24] Mir Hamid Husain, ya tafi kan cewa kwatanta shi yana da ma’anar daidaitar Imam Ali (A.S) da Annabawa cikin siffofio da hususiyoyin da aka ambata kuma cikin fuskoki ashirin ya ambaci daidaitarsa da su. <refMirhamed Hossein, Ebakat al-Anwar, 1366, juzu'i na 16, kashi na biyu, shafi na 118-77.></ref> A ra'ayinsa, irin wannan daidaiton wata hujja ce ta fifikon Imam Ali (A.S) a kan Annabawa da sauran mutane. [25]

Marawaita Da Ingancin Riwaya

An naƙalto wannan hadisi ta hannun Sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) misalin Abdullahi Bn Abbas [26] Abdullahi Bn Mas’ud [27] Abu Huraira, [28] Abu Al-Hamra Hadimin Annabi (S.A.W) [29] da Anas Bn Malik. [30]

Inganci

Malaman Shi’a suna ƙirga hadis Tashbiyya cikin ingantattun hadisai, Sulɗanul Al-Wa’izin Shirazi marubucin littafin Shabhaye Peshawar, yana ganin hadis tashbiyya matsayin hadisin da Shi’a da Ahlus-sunna suka yi ijma’i a kansa. [31] Mir Hamid Husaini shima cikin littafin Aƙbatul Al-Anwar, ya naƙalto wannan hadisi daga wurin Malaman hadisi na Ahlus-sunna har guda arba’in ya kuma tabbatar da ingancinsa. [32] a ra’ayin wasu ba’ari wannan hadisi kasancewar an naƙalto shi ta hanyoyi masu yawa hadisi ne mai inganci duk da cewa isnadinsa yana da rauni. [33] Wasu ba’ari daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna sun yi suka kan ingancin wannan hadisi, Shamsud-dini Zahabi, Malamin Tarihi basalafe a ƙarni na takwas h ƙamari, [34] Ibn Hajar Asƙalani Malamin Hadisi da tarihi Mabiyin Shafi’iyya a ƙarni takwas zuwa tara h ƙamari, [35] da Ibn Kasir daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na takwas h ƙamari, [36] sun ƙirga hadis tashbiyya cikin jerin Munkaran hadisai (cikin jerin raunanan hadisai). Ibn Jauzi daga Malaman Ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na shida yana ganin hadis tashbiyya cikin jerin ƙagaggun hadisai. [37] “Khulasatul Aƙbatul Al-Anwar Hadis Tashbihi” Mir Hamid Husaini. Zahabi [38] da Ibn Taimiyya [39] bayan naƙalin wannan hadisi ba tare da Isnadi ba suna ganin wannan hadisi daga Baihaƙi matsayin hadisi mara isnadi, wannnan hadisi da bashi da isnadi Masana hadisi suna ganinsa ƙagaggen hadisi, sun bayyana cewa ba a naƙalto wannan hadisi ba daga Malaman hadisi, sai dai kuma Muwaffaƙ Bn Ahmad Khawarzimi ɗaya daga cikin Malaman Ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na shida h ƙamari cikin littafinsa mai suna Al-Manaƙib ya naƙalto wannan hadisi tare da Isnadi daga Baihaƙi, [40] sannan an naƙalto wannan hadisi da wani isnadin daban daga Ahlus-sunna. [41]

"Khulasatul Ebakat Al-Anwar Hadith Tashbiyyah", Mirr Hamed Hossein.

Sanin Littafi

Hadis tashbiyya an yi bahasi kansa cikin rubuce-rubucen masu tarin yawa, [42] Mir Hamid Husaini cikin mujalladi na goma sha shida daga littafin Aƙbatul Al-Anwar fi Al-Imamati Al-A’immatil Aɗhar ya keɓance wannan mujalladi cikin bincike dangane da isnadi da ma’anar wannan hadisi wanda ya kira shi da sunan “Khulasatul Aƙbatul Al-Anwar; hadis tashbihi” tare da Talkhisi da tasihi ta hannun Sayyid Ali Milani, da kuma tarjamar Murtadha Nadiri, Mu’assasatul Naba’u ta buga shi.

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Sadouƙ, Kamaluddin, 1395 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25.
  2. ↑ Misali, duba: Al-Tafsir Al-Mansub ila Al-Imam al-Askari (A.S), 1409 AH, shafi na 497 da 498; Sadouƙ, Kamaluddin, 1395 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25; Tabari Amoli Kabir, Al-Mustarshad fi Al-Imamah, 1415 AH, shafi na 287; Mofid, al-Amali, 1413 AH, shafi na 14; Tusi, Al-Amali, 1414 AH, shafi na 417; Tabari Amoli, BUshara Al-Mustafa, 2004, shafi na 83.
  3. ↑ Misali, duba: Asimi, Asal Al-Mosaffa, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 124-126; Ibn Asaker, tafsir Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, 1400H, juzu'i na 2, shafi:280; Ibn Maghazali, Manaƙib na Amirul Muminina Ali bin Abi Talib, 1424H, shafi na 281; Khwarazmi, al-Manaƙib, 1411 AH, shafi na 312 da 84; Haskani, Shawaheed Al-Tanzil, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 103; Tabari, Zaka'ir Al-Uƙba , 1354 AH, shafi na 93 da 94; Hamoui Jowini, Faraed Al-Samatin, 1398 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 170.
  4. ↑ Tabari Amoli Kabir, Al-Mustarshid fi Al-Imamah, 1415 AH, shafi na 287.
  5. ↑ Sadouƙ, Kamaluddin, 1395 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25.
  6. ↑ Al-Tafsir Al-Mansub ila Imam Al-Askari (AS), 1409 AH, shafi na 497 da 498.
  7. ↑ Asami, Asal Al-Mosaffa, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 125; Ibn Marduyeh, Manaƙib Ali bin Abi Talib, 1424H, shafi na 147; Haskani, Shawaheed Al-Tanzil, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 103; Tabari, Zaka'ir Al-Uƙba, 1354 AH, shafi na 93 da 94.
  8. ↑ Ibn Maghazali, Manaƙib Amirul Muminina Ali bin Abi Talib, 1424H, shafi na 281.
  9. ↑ Shushtari, Ihƙaƙ al-Haƙ, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 396 da na 397, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 619, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 329.
  10. ↑ Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 Hijira, Mujalladi na 3, shafi na 486.
  11. ↑ Shushtari, Ihƙaƙ Al-Haƙ, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi 405-392, juzu'i na 5, shafi.6-4, juzu'i na 15, shafi.610-622, juzu'i na 22, shafi.296-300 da kuma juzu'i na 31, shafi na 317-318.
  12. ↑ Mirhamed Hossein, Ebakat al-Anwar, 1366, juzu'i na 16, kashi na farko, shafi na 454-15.
  13. ↑ Ganji Shafi'i, Kefaiya Al-Talib, 1362, shafi na 122.
  14. ↑ Ganji Shafi'i, Kefaiya Al-Talib, 1362, shafi na 122.
  15. ↑ Suratul Nuhu, aya ta 26.
  16. ↑ Ganji Shafi'i, Kefaiya Al-Talib, 1362, shafi na 122
  17. ↑ Suratul Towba, aya ta:114.
  18. ↑ Ganji Shafi'i, Kefaiya Al-Talib, 1362, shafi na 122
  19. ↑ Nasibi Shafi'i, Maɗalib Al-Su'al, Muassaseh Al-Balagh, shafi na 98.
  20. ↑ Nasibi Shafi'i, Maɗalib Al-Su'al, Muassaseh Al-Balagh, shafi na 98.
  21. ↑ Duba: Asami, Asal Al-Mosaffa, 1418 AH, Babi na V, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 503-124 da juzu'i na 2, shafi na 286-5.
  22. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 39, shafi na 82-35.
  23. ↑ Misali, duba: Tabari, Tohfa al-Abrar, 1376, shafi na 140 da 263; Fazel Moƙdad, Ershad al-Taleebin, 1405 AH, shafi na 354; Muzaffar, Dalail al-Sidƙi, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 329.
  24. ↑ Duba: Tabari, Tohfa Al-Abrar, 1376, shafi na 140 da 263; Muzaffar, Dala'il al-Sidƙ, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi.330; Shushtari, Ihƙaƙ Al-Haƙ, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi.279; Sultan Al-Waezin, Shabhaye Peshawar, 1379, shafi na 478 da 479.
  25. ↑ Mirhamed Hossein, Ebakat al-Anwar, 1366, juzu'i na 16, kashi na biyu, shafi na 154-157.
  26. ↑ Sadouƙ, Kamaluddin, 1395 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25; Haskani, Shawaheed Al-Tanzil, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 137; Tabari, Zaka'irul Al-Uƙba , 1354H, shafi na 94; Ganji Shafi'i, Kefaiya Al-Talib, 1404H, shafi na 121 da 122.
  27. ↑ Tusi, Al-Amali, 1414H, shafi na 417.
  28. ↑ Tabari Amoli Kabir, al-Mustarshid fi Al-imamah, 1415 AH, shafi na 287
  29. ↑ Asami, Asal al-Mosaffa, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 124-126; Ibn Asaker, tafsirin Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, 1400H, juzu'i na 2, shafi:280; Haskani, Shawaheed Al-Tanzil, 1411 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 100 da na 103; Khwarazmi, Al-Manaƙib, 1411 AH, shafi na 312 da 84; Tabari, Zaka'irul Al-Uƙaba, 1354 AH, shafi na 93.
  30. ↑ Ibn Maghazali, Manaƙib na Amirul Muminina Ali bin Abi Talib, 1424H, shafi na 281; Tabari Amoli, Bushara Al-Mustafa, 2004, shafi na 83.
  31. ↑ Sultan Al-Waezin,Shabhaye Peshawar, 1379, shafi na 478.
  32. ↑ Mirhamed Hossein, Ebakat al-Anwar, 1366, juzu'i na 16, kashi na farko, shafi na 454-15.
  33. ↑ Muzaffar, Dala'il Al-Sidƙi, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 329.
  34. ↑ Dhahabi, Al-Muntaƙi Min Minhaj al-Etidal, shafi na 344.
  35. ↑ Ibn Hajar Asƙalani, Lasan Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 24.
  36. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 89.
  37. ↑ Ibn Juzi, Al-Maudu'at, 1386 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 370.
  38. ↑ Dhahabi, Al-Muntaƙi Min Minhaj Al-Etidal, shafi na 344.
  39. ↑ Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhaj Sunnah, 1406 Hijira, Juzu'i na 5, shafi na 510 da 511.
  40. ↑ Khwarazmi, Al-Manaƙib, 1411 AH, shafi na 83 da 84.
  41. ↑ Misali, duba: Asimi, Asal al-Mosaffa, 1418 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 124-126; Tabari Amoli Kabir, al-Mustarshid fi Al-Imamah, 1415 AH, shafi na 287; Ibn Asaker, tafsirin Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, 1400H, juzu'i na 2, shafi:280; Haskani, Shawaheed Al-Tanzil, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 103; Hamoui Jowini, Faraed Al-Samatin, 1398 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 170.
  42. ↑ Misali, duba: Shushtari, Ihƙaƙ Al-Haƙ, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 4, shafi 405-392, juzu’i na 5, shafi 6-4, juzu’i na 15, shafi 610-622, juzu’i na 22. , shafi 296-300 da juzu'i na 31, shafi 317-318; Mir Hamed Hossein, Ebakat al-Anwar, 1366, juzu'i na 16 (dukkan batutuwan da ke cikin wannan juzu'in sun shafi misalin hadisi ne); Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, Mujalladi na 3, shafi na 486-493.

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  • Shushtari, ƙazi Noorullah, Ahƙaƙ al-Haƙ da Izhaƙ al-Batil, Kum, Maktabat Ayatullahi Mar'ashi Najafi, bugu na farko, 1409H.
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  • Tabari Amli Kabir, Muhammad bin Jarir, al-Mustarshad fi al-Umamah Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.), bincike da gyara na Ahmad Mahmoudi, Kum, Kushanpur, bugun farko, 1415 Hijira.
  • Tabari Amoli, Imad al-Din Muhammad bin Abi al-ƙasim, Bushara Al-Mustafa Shi'a al-Mortaza, Najaf, al-Maktab al-Haydariyya, bugu na biyu, 1383H.
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