Garu Hira
 | |
| Sashe | Makka |
|---|---|
| Amfani | Wurin ziyara |
| Tsohon tarihi | Tun kafin aiko Annabi (S.A.W) |
Garu Hira ko kogon hira, (Larabci: غار حراء) yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare masu daraja a gun musulmi wanda ya kasace mahallin da Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) yake halwa ya keɓance kansa ciki tun kafin aiko shi da saƙon Muslunci. Wannan kogo shi ne wuri na farko da aka fara saukar da wahayi da farkon manzancin Annabi (S.A.W).
Kogon hira ya wani wuri ne a cikin dutsen Nur da yake a Arewa maso Yamma a garin Makka
Matsayi Da Muhimmanci
Bisa naƙalin litattafan hadisi da tarihi, a kogon hira ne a karon farko Jabra'il ya bayyana ga Annabi ya saukar masa da ayoyin farkon suratul alaƙ tare da zaɓar sa da matsayin annabta.[1] Daidai da wani naƙali, kafin aiko shi annabi ya kasance yana zuwa kogon hira domin ibada musamman a watan Ramadan[2] a wannan lokaci Imam Ali (A.S) tare da Khadija (A.S) sun kasance suna masa rakiya kuma suna da ɗanfaruwa da shi.[3]
Bisa rahotan Baluzari marubucin tarihi a ƙarni na uku hijira, ba'arin Ƙuraishawa su ma sun kasance suna zuwa kogon hira a lokacin watan Ramadan domin ibada[4] Wasu suna ganin cewa Abdul-Muɗɗalib shi ne ya assasa wannan al'ada da ake kira da tahannus (Nesantar zunubi).[5] Tare da haka, Rasul Jafariyan manazarcin tarihi a Shi'a ya tafi kan cewa zuwa kogon hira domin ibada wani aiki ne da ya fi kasance na ƙashin kai, kuma kafin Annabi ba a samu himmatuwa cikin wannan al'ada ba daga wani mutum.[6] Ana cewa halartar Annabi cikin wannan kogo ya kasance tare da abubuwa guda uku, su ne keɓance kai, ibada da kallon Ka'aba.[7]
A cewar marubucin littafin Shifa'ul Garam (Talifi: Ƙarni na 9 hijira), ba'ari sun ce Annabi (S.A.W) yayin hijira zuwa Madina, ya ɓuya a kogon hira domin kaucewa cutarwar mushrikai; sai dai cewa malamin ya bayyana mamakinsa daga wannan magana, ya kuma bayyana cewa bisa maganar da ta shahara a wurin malamai mahallin ɓuyan Annabi (S.A.W) shi ne Garu Sauri (Kogon sauri).[8]
A cikin litattafan fiƙihu ziyartar wannan kogo yana cikin ayyukan mustahabbi na hajji[9] an ce Allah yana karɓar addu'a a wannan wuri.[10] Wannan kogo ya shahara kuma mutane suna zuwa ziyartarsa.[11]
Bayanai
Garu hira wuri da yake a Arewa maso Yamma na Makka[12] yana saman wani tsauni mai kama da kibiya wanda yake kallon yankin Mina[13] Bakin kogon yana da tsayin mita biyu, faɗinsa ya kai kusan mita ɗaya da ɗigo ashirin, tsayinsa kuma ya kai mita biyu.[14] Garu hira ya kasance cikin tsari da yanayi da ƙarshensa yana fuskantar ɓangaren Masallacin Harami da Ka'aba, kuma bakinsa ya na kallon Baitul-Muƙaddas.[15] Tun daga hudowar rana zuwa faɗuwar ta wannan kogo yana tare da haske, kuma zafi baya kutsawa cikinsa.[16]
Nisan da yake tsakanin Garu Hira da dutsen Nur ya kai kusan nisan mita ashirin.[17] Wannan dutse a zamanin da yana da nisan kilomita shida da Masallacin Harami, amma bayan faɗaɗa garin Makka sai ya zama yana cikin gari.
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Diyar Bakri, Tarikh al-Khamis, Beirut, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 281; Khoyi, Minhaj al-Baraa’, juzu'i. 12, shafi. 39; Allama Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403ƙ, juzu'i. 15, shafi. 363.
- ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417ƙ. Juzu'i na 1, shafi. 105.
- ↑ Nahj al-Balagha, Tas'hihu Subhi Saleh, Huduba 192, shafi. 301; Khoyi, Minhaj al-Baraa', juzu'i. 12, shafi. 39.
- ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417ƙ. Juzu'i na 1, shafi. 105.
- ↑ Baladhari, Ansab al-Ashraf, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 84.
- ↑ Jafarian, Sireh Rasul Khoda (S.A.W), 1383SH, shafi. 227.
- ↑ Salehi Damashki, Subulul Huda War Rashad, 1414ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 238.
- ↑ Fassi, Shifa'ul Al-Gharam, 1386SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi 498.
- ↑ Shahid Awal, Al-Duros, 1417ƙ, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 468; Bahjat, Jame' al-Mas'il, 1426ƙ, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 359; Sheikh Ansari, Manasik Hajj, 1425ƙ, shafi. 122; Sabzewari, Muhadhab al-Ahkam, 1413ƙ, juzu'i. 14, shafi. 401.
- ↑ Ibn Jubeir, Rehla Ibn Jubairi, 1992M, shafi. 190; Fassi, Shifa'ul al-Gharam, Beirut, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 199, 280.
- ↑ Fasi, Shifa'ul al-Gharam, Bi Akhbaril Al-Balad al-Haram, 1386SH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 498.
- ↑ Heshmati, "Hira", shafi. 823.
- ↑ Ƙaedan, Tarikh Wa Asare Islami Makka Mukarrama Wa Madina Munawwara, 1386SH, shafi. 93.
- ↑ Ƙaedan, Tarikh Wa Asare Islami Makka Mukarrama Wa Madina Munawwara, 1386SH, shafi. 94.
- ↑ Ƙaedan, Tarikh Wa Asare Islami Makka Mukarrama Wa Madina Munawwara, 1386SH, shafi. 94.
- ↑ Ƙaedan, Tarikh Wa Asare Islami Makka Mukarrama Wa Madina Munawwara, 1386SH, shafi. 94.
- ↑ Heshmati, "Hira", shafi. 823.
Nassoshi
- Balathuri, Ahmad bn Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, Beirut, Wallafar Darul Fikr, bugun farko, 1417ƙ.
- Bahjat, Muhammad Taƙi, Jame’ al-Masa’il, Ƙum, Daftar Mu’azzamullah, bugu na biyu, 1426ƙ.
- Jaafarian, Rasool, Sira Rasool Khuda (AS), Ƙum, Wallafar Dalil Ma, bugu na uku, 1383SH.
- Hashmati, Farida, “Hira’a”, in Encyclopedia of the World of Islam, juzu'i. 12, Tehran, Gidauniyar Encyclopedia ta Musulunci, 1387SH.
- Diyar Bakri, Hussein, Tarikh al-Khamis fi ahwal anfas al-nafis, Beirut, Dar al-Azabar, babu kwanan wata.
- Sabzwari, Sayyid Abdul-Ali, Muhadhab al-Ahkam (na Sabzwari), Ƙum, Cibiyar Al-Manar, bugu na hudu, 1413ƙ.
- Sayyid Razi, Muhammad bn Hussein, Nahjul al-Balagha, Subhi Saleh, Ƙum, Wallafar Hijrat, bugun farko, 1414ƙ.
- Shahidul Awwal, Muhammad ibn Makki, Al-Duros al-Shari’ah fi fiƙh al-Imamiyah, Ƙum, ofishin buga littattafai na Musulunci mai alaka da kungiyar malamai ta Ƙum, bugu na biyu, 1417ƙ.
- Sheikh Ansari, Murtaza, Mansik Hajji (Mahshari, Sheikh Ansari), Kum, Wallafar Majma’ul Fikr al-Islami, bugun farko, 1425ƙ.
- Salihi Dimashƙi, Muhammad bn Yusuf, Subulul Huda War Rashad Fi Sirati Khabaril Ibad, Beirut, Wallafar Darul Kutb al-Ilmiyah, bugu na farko, 1414ƙ.
- Allamah Majlisi, Muhammad Baƙir, Bihar al-Anwar al-Jami'ati Liduraril Akhbaril A'immati Athari, Beirut, Wallafar Dar ihya al-Turat al-Arab, bugu na biyu, 1403ƙ.
- Fasi, Muhammad bn Ahmad, Shifa'ul Garam Bi Akhbaril Al-Balad, Muhammad Muƙaddas, Tehran, Wallafar Mash’ar, 1386H.
- Ƙayedan, Asghar, Tarikh Asare Islami Makka Mukarrana Wa Madina Munawarra, Ƙum, Cibiyar Al'adu da Fasaha ta Mash'ar, bugu na goma sha ɗaya, 1389SH.
- Hashemi Khoyi, Mirza Habibullah, Minhaj al-Baraa’ Fi sharhi Nahjul-Balagha, wanda Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli da Mohammad Baƙir Kamarai suka fassara; mai bincike: Ibrahim Miyanji, Tehran, Wallafar Maktaba al-Islamiyya, bugu na hudu, 1400ƙ.