Daƙiƙa:Umara Mufrada
Umara Mufrada na ɗaya daga cikin nau'ukan umara. Ita ce ibadar da ake yi domin ziyarar Ka'aba. Umara Mufrada ba ta cikin ayyukan Hajji; saboda haka ta bambanta da Umarar Tamattu'i, wadda take wani ɓangare na Hajjin Tamattu'i.
Ayyukan Umara Mufrada sun haɗa da: Ihrami. Ɗawafi, Sallar Ɗawafi. Sa'ayi tsakanin Safa da Marwa. Aske ko rage gashi (Taksir ko Halƙi), Ɗawafin Mata; Sallar Ɗawafin Mata. Bisa ga hadisai da kuma maganganun malamai na fikihu, yin Umara Mufrada a watan Rajab ya fi falala fiye da yin ta a sauran watanni.
Umara
Umara ita ce jerin wasu ayyukan ibada na shari'a kamar ihrami, ɗawafi, da sa'ayi tsakanin Safa da Marwa,[1] waɗanda ake gudanarwa domin ziyarar Ɗakin Allah (Ka'aba).[2] Umara tana da nau'i biyu: Umarar Tamattu'i da Umara Mufrada.[3] Umarar Tamattu'i ana gudanar da ita tare da Hajjin Tamattu'i, kuma tana daga cikin ayyukansa.[4] Amma Umara Mufrada ana yin ta dabam da Hajjin Tamattu'i.[5]
Malaman fikihu sun bayyana cewa yin umara, kamar yadda yake ga aikin hajji, wajibi ne sau ɗaya a rayuwar kowane Musulmi da ya cika sharuɗɗanta.[6] Bayan wannan sau ɗaya, duk wata umara da za a ƙara yi hukuncinta mustahabbi ne.[7]
Suna Da Nau'o'inta
An kira Umara Mufrada da suna "Mufrada" ne saboda ba ta cikin aikin Hajji, ana yin ta ne a keɓe ba tare da hajji ba.[8] Saboda haka ne kuma ake kiranta Umarar Mabtula (wato umarar da aka raba da hajji).[9]
Umarar Ƙiran da Umarar Ifrad su ne nau'o'in Umara Mufrada. Umarar Ƙiran ita ce umarar wanda yake da wajibcin yin Hajjin Ƙiran. Umarar Ifrad kuma ita ce umarar wanda wajibcin Hajjin Ifrad ya hau kansa.[10]
Ayyukan Umara Mufrada
- Umara Mufrada tana ƙunshe da ayyuka bakwai, kamar haka:
- Ihrami
- Ɗawafi
- Sallar Ɗawafi
- Sa'ayi
- Rage gashi ko aske kai (Taƙsir ko Halƙi)
- Ɗawafin Mata
- Sallar Ɗawafin Mata.[11]
Bambanci da Umarar Tamattu'i
Akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin Umara Mufrada da Umarar Tamattu'i, daga cikinsu akwai:
- Umara Mufrada tana da Ɗawafin Mata da Sallar Ɗawafin Mata, amma Umarar Tamattu'i ba ta da su.
- A Umarar Tamattu'i dole ne a ɗaura ihrami a watannin Hajji (Shawwal, Zul-Ƙa'ada da Zul-Hijja), amma a Umara Mufrada ana iya ɗaura ihrami a kowane wata na shekara.
- Bayan Sa'ayi tsakanin Safa da Marwa, a Umarar Tamattu'i dole ne a yi Taksir (Rage wani ɓangare na gashi ko farce). Amma a Umara Mufrada ana iya yin Halƙi (Aske kai) maimakon Taksir.[12]
- A Umarar Tamattu'i, miƙati dole ne ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin miƙatai biyar. Amma a Umara Mufrada, ban da waɗannan miƙatai biyar, ana iya ɗaura ihrami daga Adnal Hilli, wato mafi kusa da yankin Harami daga wajensa.[13]
Umara Mufrada Mafi Falala
Bisa ga littattafan fiƙihu, Umara Mufrada ta watan Rajab ta fi umara a sauran watanni lada da falala.[14] Haka nan a cikin ruwayoyi ma an bayyana hakan. A cikin Wasa'ilush Shi'a an ruwaito daga Annabi (SAW) da kuma Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa Umara Mufrada ta watan Rajab ita ce mafi falalar umara.[15]
Batutuwa Mu Alaƙa
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 275.
- ↑ ShaikTusi, Al-Mabsut, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 296; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, Beirut, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 441.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 479.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 481.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 485.
- ↑ Don duba misali: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 274; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Beirut, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 441.
- ↑ ShaikTusi, Al-Mabsut, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 297; Kungiyar Bincike ta Ba'athar Jagoran Juyin Juya Hali, Muntakhab Manasik Hajj, shafi na 59.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 485.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 485.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 485.
- ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 275.
- ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 275 da 276.
- ↑ Mu’assase Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, Farhang Fiqh, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 488.
- ↑ Don duba misali: Shahidul Awwal, Ad-Durus al-Shar'iyya, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 337; Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 276.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 302.
Nassoshi
- Hurru Amili, Muhammad bn Hassan, Tafsil Wasa'il al-Shi'a ila Tahsil Masa'il al-Shari'a; Qum, Cibiyar Al al-Bayt, bugu na farko, 1409H.
- Kungiyar Bincike ta Ba'athar Jagoran Juyin Juya Hali, Muntakhab Manasik Hajj; Tehran, Mawallafar Mash'ar, bugu na biyu, 1426H.
- Mu'assasar Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, Farhang-e Fiqh Mutabiq Mazhab Ahl al-Bayt (AS); Qum,Wallafar Cibiyar Ilimomin Fikihun Musulunci.bugu na farko, 1392Sh.
- Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Ja'afar bn Hasan, Shara'i al-Islam fi Masa'il al-Halal wa al-Haram; mai bincike da mai gyara: Abd al-Husayn Muhammad Ali Baqqal; Qum, Mawallafar Isma'iliyan, bugu na biyu, 1408H.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahirul Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i al-Islam; Beirut, Gidan Raya Gadon Ilimin Larabawa. bugu na bakwai, 1404H.
- Shahidul Awwal, Muhammad bn Makki al-Amili, Ad-Durus al-Shar'iyya fi al-Fiqh al-Imamiyya; Qum, Mawallafar Musulunci, bugu na biyu, 1417H.
- ShaikTusi, Muhammad bn Hassan, Al-Mabsut fi al-Fiqh al-Imamiyya; mai bincike da mai gyara: Sayyid Muhammad Taƙi Kashfi; Tehran, Laburaren Murtadawiyya don Raya Kayan Tarihin Ja'afariyya, bugu na uku, 1387H.