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Daƙiƙa:Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'i

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Don sauran amfani, duba Ɗabaɗaba'i (Domin Bambancewwa)

Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'i
Daga cikin Maraji'an Taƙilidi
Cikakken SunaSayyid Muhammad Kazim
NasabaSharifai Gidan Ɗabaɗaba'i
Tarihin haihuwa1248H
MahaifaƘauyen Kesnawiyya, Yazdi.
Tarihin rasuwa28 Rajab 1337H
Mahallin kabariMasallacin Imran Bin Shahin a cikin Haramin Imam ali (A.S)
Fitattun dangiSayyid Muhammad (Ɗa) Jagoran ƙabilu a yaƙi da Ingila• Sayyid Abdul-aziz Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi
MalamaiMuhammad Baƙir Agha Najafi Isfahani•Sayyid Muhammad Baƙir Khunsari•Sayyid Muhammad Hashim Khunsari•Sayyid Muhammad Hassan Shirazi
ƊalibaiAbdul-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi•Muhammad Husaini Kashiful Giɗa•Muhammad Taƙi Bafƙi•Agha Ziya Iraƙi•Sayyid Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i Burujerdi
Wurin karatuIsfahan•Najaf
Wallafe-wallafeal'urwatul Wusƙa
SiyasaFatawa kan mulkin mallaka na Italiya, Rasha da Ingila• adawa da tsarin mashruɗiyya (Constitutionalism).


Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi (1248H–1337H) ya kasance daga cikin manyan malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a kuma marubucin littafin al-Urwatul Wusƙa, wanda yake daga shahararrun littattafan makarantun hauza. Bayan rasuwar Sayyid Muhammad Hassan Shirazi, ya zama marja'i (shugaban riƙo a al'amuran addini).

Ya kasance daga masu adawa da yuƙurin mashruɗiyya (tsarin kundin tsarin mulki). a lokacin mamayar Italiya a Libya, Ingila a Iraƙ, da Rasha a Iran, ya fitar da fatawa cewa ya zama wajibi ga Musulmi su kare ƙasarsu da addininsu.

Daga cikin malamansa akwai Muhammad Baƙir Agha Najafi Isfahani da Sayyid Muhammad Hassan Shirazi. Daga cikin shahararrun ɗalibansa kuwa akwai: Muhammad Husaini Kashiful Giɗa, Agha Ziya Iraƙi, Sayyid Abdul-Husaini Sharafud-Din, Hassan ali Nakhudki Isfahani, Sayyid Muhammad Taƙi Khunsari, Sayyid Muhsin Amin, da Agha Buzurg Tehrani.

Littafinsa al-Urwatul Wusƙa yana daga cikin shahararrun littattafan fiƙihu a hauza, kuma an rubuta masa sharhi da hashiya da yawa. an kuma rubuta littattafai da nazarce-nazarce kan rayuwarsa da tsarin tunaninsa, kamar Fiƙihe Dur andish Dorbaraye Zindagi (Fiƙihun Mai Hangaen Nesa Kan Rayuwa) da wasu rubuce-rubuce kan fiƙihu da tarihi.

Tarihin Rayuwa

Sayyid Yazdi tare da ƴaƴansa

Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi an haife shi a ƙauyen Kesnawiyya na Yazdi.[1] Mahaifinsa shi ne Sayyid Abdul-azim, manomi. asalinsa yana komawa ga zuriyar ahlul Baiti ta sharifai gidan Ɗabaɗaba'i, har zuwa Imam Hassan Mujtaba (A.S).[2]

Game da shekarar haihuwarsa akwai saɓani: a cikin littafin A'ayanush Shi'a an ambaci shekarar 1247H,[3] yayin da ali Dawani a cikin Nahzate Ruhaniyyun Iran ya naƙalto daga iyalansa cewa 1248H ne.[4]

Sayyid Muhammad Kazim ya rasu a ranar 28 Rajab 1337H (1298Hsh) sakamakon cutar ciwon huhu, kuma an binne shi a Masallacin Imran Bin Shahin a cikin haramin Imam ali (A.S).[5]a lokacin rasuwarsa, Musulmi Shi'a da ahlus-Sunna duk sun yi makoki a Iraƙi, kuma a Iran har ma Sarki ahmad Shah ya halarci taron ta'aziyyarsa.[6]

Daya daga cikin zuriyarsa shi ne Sayyid Abdul-aziz Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi (1308–1374sh), wanda ya kasance mashahurin masani a fannin rubuce-rubuce da binciken littattafai.[7]

Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi ya yi aure a Najaf. Ƴaƴansa sun haɗa da: Sayyid ali, Sayyida Zahra, Sayyid Hassan, Sayyid Mahmud,[8] Sayyid asadullah,[9] Sayyid Muhammad. (ɗansa) shi ne marubucin littattafai kamar Saha'iful abrar Bi Waza'ifil as'har da Risala fi Fadli al-Kutub wa Iƙtina'iha.[10]

Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a ahwaz wajen jagorantar ƙabilu a gwagwarmaya da sojojin Ingila.[11]

Wasu masana sun ɗauki cewa mutuwar Sayyid Muhammad ta kasance shahada, yayin da wasu kamar Agha Buzurg Tehrani (marubucin az-Zari'a) suka rubuta cewa mutuwa ta kasance ta ɗabi'a ce. an ambaci ranar rasuwarsa a matsayin 13 Jumada al-Ula 1334H.[12]

MAghabartar Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'iYazdi da ɗansa Sayyid Muhammad a Haramin Imam ali (A.S).

Haka kuma Sayyid ali Khamna'i ya bayyana cewa Sayyid Muhammad ya tafi yaƙi da Ingila bisa umarnin mahaifinsa, ya kasance muhimmin jagora a fagen fama, amma bai mutu a matsayin shahidi a yaƙin ba; daga baya ne ya rasu.[13]

Rayuwar Ilimi

Karatu Da Ilimi

Sayyid Muhammad Kazim ya fara rayuwa ne yana aikin noma, amma daga baya ya juya zuwa neman ilimi.[14] Ya fara koyon muhimman darusan hauza tun daga shekarar 1256H a makarantar Mahsaniyya (ko Zu Manar) a Yazdi.[15]

Bayan shekaru huɗu, ya tafi Mashhad domin ci gaba da karatu, inda ya koyi darusan matakin "Sutuhu" na hauza, tare da ilimin falaki (astronomy), ilimin taurari, da lissafi. a shekara ta 1265H ya koma Isfahan,[16] inda ya zauna a Makarantar Sadri, ya halarci darasin Shaik Muhammad Baƙir Najafi, har ya samu izinin ijtihadi daga gare shi.[17]

Makabartar Muhammad Kazim Yazdi a Haramin Imam ali (A.S) a shekarar 1445H.

a shekarar 1281H, da shawara da gabatarwar Muhammad Baƙir Agha Najafi Isfahani, ya tafi Najaf.[18] Ya zauna a Makarantar Sadr ta Najaf, kuma zuwansa ya zo daidai da rasuwar Shaik Murtada ansari da kuma canjin jagorancin marja'iyya zuwa Mirzayi Shirazi.

Bayan ɗan lokaci, ya zama limami na sallah a farfajiyar Haramin Imam ali (a.S).[19]

Bayan tafiyar Mirzayi Shirazi zuwa Samarra, Sayyid Kazim ya ci gaba da zama a Najaf, yana koyar da ilimin hauza, har zuwa lokacin da ya kai matsayin marja'iyya (shugabancin addini).[20]

Matsayin Ilimi

a cewar A'ayanush Shi'a, a darasin Sayyid Kazim Yazdi ana samun kusan mutane 200 suna halarta.[21]

Sayyid Muhsin Amin ya bayyana shi a matsayin faƙihi mai zurfin ilimin lugga da adabi, kuma ya ce littafinsa al-Urwatul Wusƙa ya kai matakin da duk wanda yake son zama marja'i, yana rubuta hashiya (ta'aliƙi) a kansa.[22]

Muhammad Garawi a cikin littafinsa Ma'a Ulama'il Najaf al-ashraf ya siffanta Sayyid Kazim Yazdi a matsayin "Tekun ilimi da bincike", kuma masani a ilimin hankali (Ma'aƙul) da na ruwaya (Manƙul). Ya kuma ce yana da ƙarfin tunawa da fahimta kan dukkan rassan fiƙihu da hadisai.[23]

Sayyid Musa Shubairi Zanjani ya naƙalto daga Agha Ziya Iraƙi cewa Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi ya fi akhund Khurasani ilimi (a'lam), saboda tsananin ƙoƙari da zurfin bincikensa a fiƙihu.[24]

ayatullahi Khamna'i

a wajen marigayi Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, akwai abubuwa uku masu muhimmanci da ke tattare da shi, waɗanda ba kasafai ake samun su a haɗe a irin wannan mataki a wurin malamai ba:

Na farko, zurfin ilimi da ƙwarewa a fiƙihu da cikakken iko kan ƙa'idojin shari'a. Na biyu, tsantsar taƙawa da tsarkin zuciya da kulawa da lamuran kai da ruhi. Na uku kuma, shirin jihadi da tsayuwa wajen kare Musulunci.

a gaskiya, lamuran gwagwarmaya da Ingila masu mamaya da kuma yaƙin da ya faru a Iraki, sun ta'allaka ne da matsayin Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, wanda ya kasance a tsakiyar waɗannan abubuwan.

آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای در دیدار اعضای ستاد برگزاری همایش سید محمد کاظم طباطبایی یزدی

Jagorancin addini (Marja'iyya)

Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi ya kai matsayin marja'iyya a shekara ta 1312H, bayan rasuwar Mirzayi Shirazi. a wancan lokaci, akhund Khurasani da ShaIk Muhammad Ɗaha Najaf suma suna cikin manyan marja'an Shi'a masu rai. Bayan rasuwarsu, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi ya zama marja'i na kaɗai a zamaninsa.[25]

Bayan rasuwarsa, jagorancin marja'iyya ya koma ga Mirza Muhammad Taƙiyyu Shirazi da Sayyid Isma'il Sadar.[26]

Malaman Da Ya Yi Karatu a Wurinsu (Ustazai)

Daga cikin malamansa akwai:

Almajiransa

an kiyasta cewa dalibansa sun kai 350 kamar yadda aka ruwaito a taron tunawa da shi,[36] amma wani bincike ya nuna cewa sun kai aƙalla 750.[37] Daga cikin shahararrun ɗalibansa akwai:

Agha Buzurg Tehrani[38]

Wasu sun ɗauka cewa Abdul-Karim Ha'iri Yazdi da Sayyid Husaini Ɗabaɗaba'i Burujerdi ɗalibansa ne, amma a ra'ayin Sayyid Musa Shubairi Zanjani, wannan ba daidai ba ne; domin su ɗaliban akhund Khurasani ne.[39]

Ayyukan Rubuce-rubuce

Babban labari: Fihirisar Rubuce-rubucen Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Ɗabaɗaba'i

Abul Hasani ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa Faratar az Rush-e Imtihan wa Khatta, cewa Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi yana da kusan ayyuka 25 na fiƙihu da usul.[40]

Daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka, mafi shahara kuma mafi muhimmanci shi ne littafin al-Urwatul Wusƙa.[41] Wannan littafi ya samu matsayi mai girma a cikin muhawarar fiƙihu tsakanin malamai, marja'ai da faƙihai, har ma ya zama tushen sharhi da bincike.

Saboda muhimmancinsa, an rubuta masa sharhi da hashiya da yawa[42] Wannan matsayi ya kai har ana kiran marubucin littafin da lakabin "Sahibul Urwa" (Ma'abocin Urwa).[43]

Matsaya Ta Siyasa

ana cewa Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, idan aka kwatanta da sauran manyan marja'ai na zamaninsa kamar akhund Khurasani, yana da ƙarancin kai tsaye shiga harkokin siyasa. Yawancin ayyukansa na siyasa sun kasance ta hanyar tura saƙonni (Telgram) da kuma rubuta bayanan matsaya (bayani/declara­tion). Duk da haka, saboda matsayinsa na babban marja'i, wannan ƙaramin aiki nasa ma yana da muhimmanci sosai.[44]

Wasu muhimman matakan siyasarsa

Tallafawa Kamfanin Musulunci

a shekarar 1316H, wasu masu addini suka kafa Kamfanin Musulunci a Isfahan domin yaƙi da tasirin tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen waje.[45] Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, tare da wasu malamai kamar akhund Khurasani, Mirzayi Husaini Nuri, Shari'at Isfahani, da Sayyid Isma'il Sadar, ya goyi bayan wannan kamfani ta hanyar rubuta yabo (Endorsement) ga littafin Libas al-Taƙwa, wanda ke ƙarfafa sayen kayayyakin cikin gida.[46]

Fatawa Kan Mulkin Mallaka Na Italiya, Rasha Da Ingila

Bayan mamayar Italiya a Libya, da kuma kai hare-haren Rasha da Ingila a Iran, Sayyid Kazim Yazdi ya fitar da fatawa a shekara ta 1329H. a cikin wannan fatawa, ya wajabta shirin tunkarar kafirai daga dukkan Musulmi—Larabawa da Iraniyawa domin korar su daga ƙasashen Musulunci.[47]

Malaman addini na Najaf a lokacin fuskantar rundunar sojin Birtaniya.

Sanarwar Jihadi a Kan Ingila

A lokacin yaƙin Duniya na Farko da kuma mamayar Ingila a Iraki, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi tare da malamai kamar Muhammad Taƙiyyu Shirazi da Shaik al-Shari'a Isfahani, sun fitar da sanarwar jihadi a kan Ingila.[48]

A wannan jihadi, ɗansa Sayyid Muhammad ma ya samu shahada.[49]

Matsayin Mashrutiyya (Tsarin Kundin Tsarin Mulki)

a cikin yunƙurin mashruɗiyya, Sayyid Yazdi ya kasance mai ra'ayi daidai da Shaik Fadlullah Nuri, inda ya ke ganin cewa goyon bayan majalisa (Parliament) dole ne ya kasance idan ya dace da shari'a gaba ɗaya.

Lokacin da Shaik Fadlullah ya je ya yi zaman neman mafaka a Haramin Abdul-Azim Hasani, Sayyid Yazdi ya ba shi goyon baya sosai.[50]

Malaman addini na Najaf a Kazimaini yayin fuskantar rundunar sojojin Birtaniya.

Bayan harbin majalisar dokoki ta Iran da manyan bindigogi, kuma lokacin da akhund Khurasani ke ƙoƙarin dawo da tsarin mashruɗiyya, Sayyid Yazdi ya fitar da fatawa kan haramcin mashruɗiyya domin hana dawowarta.[51]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  2. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  3. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  4. ↑ Bazrafshan, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi: Faqihi Dur andishi, shafi na 23.
  5. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 48.
  6. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  7. ↑ Sharif Razi, Ganjina-yi Daneshmandan, juzu’i na 9, shafi na 231.
  8. ↑ Musawi Durudi, Zendegi-name-ye Mokhtaṣar va Sal-shomar-e Fa'aliyyatha-ye 'Ilmi-ye ayatullah al-Uzma Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sahibe al-Urwatul Wusƙa", shafi na 198.
  9. ↑ Sharaf al-Din, Ma'a Mawsu'at Rijal al-Shi'a, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 360.
  10. ↑ َAgha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a ila Taṣanifish Shi'a", juzu’i na 15, shafi na 8.
  11. ↑ Sharaf al-Din, Ma'a Mawsu'at Rijal al-Shi'a, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 360.
  12. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a ila Taṣanifish Shi'a, juzu’i na 15, shafi na 8.
  13. ↑ https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=22185
  14. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  15. ↑ Musawi Durudi, Zendegi-name-ye Mukhtaṣar va Sal-shomar-e Fa'aliyyatha-ye 'Ilmi-ye ayatullah al-Uzma Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sahibe Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, shafi na 197.
  16. ↑ Musawi Durudi, Zendegi-name-ye Mukhtaṣar va Sal-shomar-e Fa'aliyyatha-ye 'Ilmi-ye ayatullah al-Uzma Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sahibe Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, shafi na 197.
  17. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-amil, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 474.
  18. ↑ Musawi Durudi, Zendegi-name-ye Mukhtaṣar va Sal-shomar-e Fa'aliyyatha-ye 'Ilmi-ye ayatullah al-Uzma Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sahibe Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, shafi na 197.
  19. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  20. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Tabaghat a'lam al-Shi'a, juzu’i na 17, shafi na 71.
  21. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  22. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  23. ↑ Gharawi, Ma'a Ulama’ al-Najaf al-ashraf, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 458.
  24. ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Jur'a-i az Darya, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 455.
  25. ↑ Musawi Durudi, Zendegi-name-ye Mukhtaṣar va Sal-shomar-e Fa'aliyyatha-ye 'Ilmi-ye ayatullah al-Uzma Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sahibe Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, shafi na 193.
  26. ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Jur'a-i az Darya, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 386.
  27. ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Jur'a-i az Darya, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 386.
  28. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-amil, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 474.
  29. ↑ Tabrizi Khiyabani, Ulama-ye Mu'aṣir, shafuffuka na 68–69.
  30. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  31. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a ila Taṣanifish Shi'a, juzu’i na 14, shafi na 10.
  32. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  33. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 43.
  34. ↑ Ṣadr, Takmilat amal al-amal, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 474.
  35. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 154.
  36. ↑ Sulaimani Burujirdi, Fehresti az Shagerdan-e Sahibe Urwa, shafi na 241.
  37. ↑ Duba: Sulaimani Burujirdi, Fehresti az Shagerdan-e Sahibe Urwa, shafi na 241.
  38. ↑ Sulaimani Burujirdi, Fehresti az Shagerdan-e Sahibe Urwa, shafuffuka na 243–264.
  39. ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Jur'a-i az Darya, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 387.
  40. ↑ Abul Hasani, Faratar az Rush-e azmun-o-Khaṭṭa, shafuffuka na 95–96..
  41. ↑ Abul Hasani, Faratar az Rush-e azmun-o-Khaṭṭa, shafi na 102.
  42. ↑ Duba: Yazdi, al-Al-Urwatul Wusƙa fima Ta'ummu Bihi al-Balwa (al-Muḥashsha), juzu’i na 1, shafuffuka na 3–4.
  43. ↑ Abul Hasani, Faratar az Rush-e azmun-o-Khaṭṭa, shafi na 105.
  44. ↑ Hatami da Bihishti-Sarisht, Taghabul wa Ta'amul-e akhund Mulla Muḥammad Kaẓim Khurasani wa Sayyid Muḥammad Kaẓim Yazdi dar Jarayan-e Enqelab-e Mashruṭeh, shafi na 7.
  45. ↑ Ḥa’iri, Tashayyu' wa Mashruṭiyyat dar Iran, shafi na 131.
  46. ↑ Ḥa’iri, Tashayyu' wa Mashruṭiyyat dar Iran, shafi na 131.
  47. ↑ Hatami da Bihishti-Sarisht, Taghabul wa Ta'amul-e akhund Mulla Muḥammad Kaẓim Khurasani wa Sayyid Muḥammad Kaẓim Yazdi dar Jarayan-e Enqelab-e Mashruṭeh, shafuffuka na 15–16.
  48. ↑ Abul Hasani, Faratar az Rush-e azmun-o-Khaṭṭa, shafi na 627.
  49. ↑ Hatami da Bihishti-Sarisht, Taghabul wa Ta'amul-e akhund Mulla Muḥammad Kaẓim Khurasani wa Sayyid Muḥammad Kaẓim Yazdi dar Jarayan-e Enqelab-e Mashruṭeh, shafi na 18.
  50. ↑ Ḥa’iri, Tashayyu' wa Mashruṭiyyat dar Iran", shafi na 201.
  51. ↑ Hatami da Bihishti-Sarisht, Taghabul wa Ta'amul-e akhund Mulla Muḥammad Kaẓim Khurasani wa Sayyid Muḥammad Kaẓim Yazdi dar Jarayan-e Enqelab-e Mashruṭeh, shafi na 13.

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