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Daƙiƙa:Samudawa

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Samudawa
Suna a cikin Kur'aniAs'habul Hijri
Ayoyi masu dangantakaAyoyi 26 a cikin Kur'ani
NasabaSaba'i Bin Yashjub
HarsheLarabci
ZamaniSuka suka gaji Adawa
AnnabiSalihu
AdddiniBautar Gumaka
MatsuguniYankin al-Hijr da yake kan hanyar Hijaz zuwa Sham.
Siffa mai muhimmanciGina gidaje ta hanyar sassaka duwatsu da kankara, da kuma gina manyan fada-fada a cikin filaye.
Muhimman abubuwa da suka faruKashe Taguwar Salihu
Ƙarshesaukar Azabar Allah


Samudawa, wasu mutanen Larabawa ne waɗanda suka faɗa cikin azabar ubangiji sakamakon ƙaryata kiran Annabi Salihu (A.S). Alƙur'ani ya ambace su a matsayin mutane mushirikai waɗanda suke da fasahar gina gidaje na duwatsu. Allah ya aika Salihu zuwa gare su. Sun kashe mu'ujizar Annabinsu, wato Taguwar Salihu, sakamakon haka kuma azabar ubangiji ta sauka a kansu. Labarin Samudawa bai zo a cikin Attaura ba, amma binciken kayan tarihi (Archaeology) ya tabbatar da wanzuwar wasu mutane da wannan sunan a yankunan arewacin yankin tekun Larabawa.

Samudawa A Cikin Kura'ni

Sunan Samud sunan ƙabila ce[1] kuma sunan kakan ƙabilar Samudawa ne.[2] Wannan kalma ta zo sau 26 a cikin Alƙur'ani,[3] Wasu malaman tafsiri suna ganin cewa abin da ake nufi da Ashabul-Hijr a aya ta 80 a cikin Suratul Hijr shi ne Samudawa, kuma sunan yankin da waɗannan mutane suka zauna ne.[4]

Siffofinsu

Alƙur'ani ya bayyana fasahar Samudawa wajen gina gidaje ta hanyar sassaka duwatsu da kankara,[5] gina manyan fada-fada a cikin filaye,[6] da kuma yadda ƙasarsu take da albarka da ci gaba,[7] sannan ya jaddada cewa suna gina gidajensu ne daga duwatsu.[8]

Lokaci da Wurin Zamaz

A cikin Alkur'ani, an bayyana Samudawa a matsayin magada ga Adawa,[9] kuma a cikin ambaton al'ummu da annabawa na farko, labarinsu ya zo ne bayan na mutanen Ad.[10] Wasu majiyoyi sun kira Samudawa da "Adal-Akhira" (Mutanen Ad na baya).[11] Wasu masu bincike suna ganin wannan jerin a matsayin alama ce ta jerin tarihinsu.[12] Kamar yadda Azarnoush, marubucin maƙalar nan mai suna Negahi Beh Tarikh Qaume Samud (Neman Tarihin Samudawa) ya bayyana, ambaton Samudawa a majiyoyin da ya fi karkata ne tsakanin ƙarni na takwas kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S) zuwa ƙarni na biyu bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S).[13] Duk da haka, a majiyoyin tarihin Musulunci, an bayyana cewa zamanin annabcin Salihu (A.S) ya kasance ne kafin annabcin Annabi Ibrahim (A.S),[14] kuma an ambaci tazarar kusan shekaru 500 tsakanin mutanen 'Ad da Samudawa.[15] A wasu majiyoyin kuma, an bayyana Samudawa a matsayin jikokin Sam Bin Nuhu.[16]

Matsuguni

A wasu majiyoyin tarihi an bayyana cewa wurin zaman Samudawa ya kasance ne a yankin Hijri, a gabar Tekun Jar-mali kusa da Wadi al-ƙura, kuma a kan hanyar da ta tashi daga Hijaz zuwa Sham.[17] Bisa wata ruwaya, lokacin da dakarun Musulunci suka ratsa ta yankin al-Hijr a kan hanyarsu daga Madina zuwa Tabuka, Annabi (S.A.W) ya ba da umarnin kada su sha ruwan wurin kuma su wuce ta wurin suna kuka, saboda tsoron kada abokan tafiyarsa su haɗu da irin bala'in da ya taɓa Samudawa.[18] Jawad Ali ya tafi a kan cewa tsaunukan Hijaz da yankin Jordan na yau ne wurin zamansu.[19]

Addini Da Annabi

Bisa ayoyin Alƙur'ani, Samudawa mushirikai ne, kuma Allah ya aiko Salihu (A.S) zuwa gare su domin ya shiryar da su tare da kira zuwa ga kaɗaita Allah.[20] A wata ruwaya daga Imam Baƙir (A.S), an naƙalto cewa Samudawa suna da gumaka guda saba'in.[21] Bisa wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), waɗannan mutane suna bauta wa wani babban dutse, inda suke taruwa a kewayensa sau ɗaya a shekara suna yi masa yanka (hadaya).[22] Wani rubutu na da (inscription) da aka jingina gare su, wanda aka yi shi a shekara ta 267 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S), wanda kuma aka ga wasu alamomi masu alaƙa da Annabi Isah (Al-Masihu) a jikinsa, an ɗauke shi a matsayin alamar yaɗuwar addinin Kiristanci a tsakaninsu a wancan zamanin.[23]

Mayar Da Martani Ga Kiran Salihu

Babban labari: Taguwar Salihu

Samudawa sun nemi mu'ujiza daga Annabi Salihu (A.S) domin tabbatar da da'awarsa.[24] Bisa ga ruwayoyi, sun buƙaci ya fito musu da wata taguwa daga cikin dutse.[25] Allah ya biya musu buƙatarsu, inda wata taguwa ta fito daga cikin dutse; Salihu ya yi musu gargaɗin kada su taɓa ta da wani mummuna.[26] Duk da haka, Samudawa sun kashe taguwar.[27] Wasu malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, suna dogara da wata ruwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W), sun yi nuni da kamancin wanda ya kashe taguwar Salihu (wanda aka kira shi da Ashƙal-Awwalin - mafi rashin arziƙin farko) da wanda ya kashe Imam Ali (A.S) (wanda aka kira shi da Ashqal-Akhirin - mafi rashin kashin ƙarshe).[28]

Alƙur'ani ya ambaci wasu ƙungiyoyi guda tara (9) a cikin Samudawa waɗanda suka yi rantsuwa a tsakaninsu cewa za su kashe Salihu da iyalinsa.[29] Bisa wasu rahotanni, mutane tara ne waɗanda suka ɓuya a cikin wani kogo, inda kogon ya ruguje a kansu ya halaka su.[30]

Samudawa sun kasu kashi biyu ko uku dangane da kiran Salihu.[31] Yawancinsu sun ƙi amincewa da kiransa, sai dai mutane kaɗan ne suka bi shi.[32]

Saukar Azabar ubangiji

Bayan Samudawa sun kashe taguwar, Salihu ya sanar da su cewa bayan kwanaki uku za su fuskanci azabar Allah.[33] Bisa wasu rahotanni, a rana ta farko launin fuskokinsu ya koma fatsi-fatsi, rana ta biyu ya koma ja, sannan rana ta uku ya koma baƙi, daga nan kuma azabar Allah ta halaka su.[34] Alƙur'ani ya ambaci azabar Samudawa da sunaye kamar Sa'iƙa,[35] Saihah ,[36] da kuma Rajfa.[37] Wasu marubuta suna ganin waɗannan sunayen a matsayin matakai daban-daban na azaba guda ɗaya.[38]

Waɗanda Suka Tsira Daga Azabar

An ce wasu mutane kaɗan da suka rage daga Samudawa sun yi hijira zuwa Makka[39] ko kuma zuwa garin Ramla na Falasɗinu.[40] Wasu masu bincike suna ganin wanzuwar wurare da dama da aka sanya wa sunan Annabi Salihu a Falasɗinu a matsayin dalilin zaman waɗanda suka rage daga Samudawa a yankin.[41] Abul Faraj Isfahani ya bayyana cewa ƙabilar Saƙif tsatson Samudawa ne,[42] amma Ibn Khaldun ya yi shakkun ingancin wannan dangantakar.[43] Wasu kuma suna kallon Bani Hilal a matsayin zuriyar Samudawa.[44]

Ragowar Kayayyakin Tarihi

An gano zane-zane a jikin duwatsu, rubuce-rubucen da, da gine-gine da dama a tsaunin Asalis da sauran sassan yankin tekun Larabawa, inda wasu ke ganin cewa waɗannan gine-ginen makabartun Samudawa ne.[45] A rubuce-rubucen (inscriptions) da aka jingina gare su, an ga sunayen gumaka kamar Radwu ko Radi (ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun gumakan arewacin Larabawa), Salm (gunki daga yankin Taima), da sauran alloli na waɗannan yankuna.[46]

An ce labarin Samudawa bai zo a cikin Attaura ba. Saboda haka, wasu masu binciken kayan tarihi sun taɓa yin shakkun wanzuwar wannan al'umma,[47] amma tun daga ƙarni na 19 miladiyya, binciken kayan tarihi ya tabbatar da wanzuwar al'umma mai suna Samud.[48]

Batutuwa Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Raghib Isfahani, Mufradat, shafi na 175.
  2. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Qisas al-Anbiya, shafi na 112.
  3. ↑ Abdul-Baqi, Al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras li Alfaz al-Qur'an al-Karim, ƙarƙashin kalmar Thamud; Danishname-ye Jahan-e Islam, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 125.
  4. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 185–186; Tabarsi, Majma'u al-Bayan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 529.
  5. ↑ SuratulShu'ara, aya ta 149.
  6. ↑ Suratul A'raf, aya ta 84.
  7. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, ayoyi na 147–148.
  8. ↑ Suratul Fajr, aya ta 9.
  9. ↑ Suratul A'raf, aya ta 74.
  10. ↑ Suratul A'raf, ayoyi na 65–73; Suratul Hud, ayoyi na 59–61; Suratul Shu'ara, ayoyi na 123–141; Suratul Zariyat, ayoyi na 41–43; Suratul Qamar, ayoyi na 18–23; Suratul Fajr, ayoyi na 6–9.
  11. ↑ Maybudi, Kashf al-Asrar wa 'uddat al-Abrar, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 435.
  12. ↑ Khalidi, Al-Qasas al-Qur'ani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 270–271.
  13. ↑ Azarnush, Negahi Be tarikhe Qaume Samud, shafi na 34–36.
  14. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Muluk, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 216; Mas'udi, Al-Tanbih wa al-Ishraf, Dar al-Sawi, shafi na 70.
  15. ↑ Sa'd Zaghlul, Fi al-Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, shafi na 113.
  16. ↑ Maqdisi, Al-Bad'u wa al-Tarikh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 37.
  17. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Muluk, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 226–227.
  18. ↑ Sa'alabi, Qisas al-Anbiya, al-Maktabah al-Thaqafiyyah, shafi na 62; Abu al-Futuh Razi, Rawd al-Jinan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 281–282.
  19. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328.
  20. ↑ Suratul A'raf, aya ta 73; SuratulHud, aya ta 63; SuratulShu'ara, ayoyi na 141–142; Suratul Naml, aya ta 45,
  21. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 185.
  22. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 187.
  23. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328.
  24. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 154.
  25. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 187.
  26. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 73; Suratul Hud, aya ta 64; Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 156.
  27. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 157
  28. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 301.
  29. ↑ Suratul Naml, ayoyi na 48–49.
  30. ↑ Abul Futuh Razi, Rawd al-Jinan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 276.
  31. ↑ Suratul Naml, aya ta 45; SuratulA'araf, aya ta 75.
  32. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 183.
  33. ↑ Suratul Hud, aya ta 65.
  34. ↑ Tabrisi, Majma' al-Bayan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 21; Abul Futuh Razi, Rawd al-Jinan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 280–281.
  35. ↑ Suratul Fussilat, ayoyi na 13 da 17; Suratul Zariyat, aya ta 44.
  36. ↑ Suratul Hud, aya ta 65.
  37. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 78.
  38. ↑ Khalidi, Al-Qasas al-Qur'ani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 293.
  39. ↑ Maqdisi, Al-Bad'u wat Tarikh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 41.
  40. ↑ Mas'udi, Murujuz Zahab, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 17.
  41. ↑ Dabbagh, Al-Qaba'il al-'Arabiyya wa Sala'iluha fi Biladina Filastin, shafi na 21–22.
  42. ↑ Abul Faraj, Al-Aghani juzu'i na 4, shafuffuka na 302–307; an nakalto daga Daneshnameh-ye Jahan-e Islam, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 125..
  43. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddime juzu'i na 2, shafi na 26: kamar yadda Daneshnameh Jahan-e Islam, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 125 ya nakalto.
  44. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328.
  45. ↑ Musa, Dirasat Islamiyya fit Tafsir wat Tarikh, shafi na 56–57.
  46. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328–331.
  47. ↑ Musa, Dirasat Islamiyya fit Tafsir wat Tarikh, shafi na 58.
  48. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 324.

Nassoshi

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