Jump to content

Daƙiƙa:Samudawa

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Samudawa
Suna a cikin Kur'aniAs'habul Hijri
Ayoyi masu dangantakaAyoyi 26 a cikin Kur'ani
NasabaSaba'i Bin Yashjub
HarsheLarabci
ZamaniSuka suka gaji Adawa
AnnabiSalihu
AdddiniBautar Gumaka
MatsuguniYankin al-Hijr da yake kan hanyar Hijaz zuwa Sham.
Siffa mai muhimmanciGina gidaje ta hanyar sassaka duwatsu da kankara, da kuma gina manyan fada-fada a cikin filaye.
Muhimman abubuwa da suka faruKashe Taguwar Salihu
Ƙarshesaukar Azabar Allah


Samudawa ko Mutanen Samud, wasu mutanen Larabawa ne waɗanda suka faɗa cikin azabar ubangiji sakamakon ƙaryata da'awar Annabi Salihu (A.S). Alƙur'ani ya ambace su a matsayin mutane mushirikai waɗanda suke da fasahar gina gidaje na duwatsu. Allah ya aika Salihu zuwa gare su. Sun kashe mu'ujizar Annabinsu, wato Taguwar Salihu, sakamakon haka kuma azabar ubangiji ta sauka a kansu. Labarin Samudawa bai zo a cikin Attaura ba, amma binciken kayan tarihi (Archaeology) ya tabbatar da wanzuwar wasu mutane da wannan sunan a yankunan arewacin Tsibirin Larabawa.

Samudawa A Cikin Kura'ni

Sunan Samud sunan ƙabila ce[1] kuma sunan kakan ƙabilar Samudawa ne.[2] Wannan kalma ta zo sau 26 a cikin Alƙur'ani,[3] Wasu malaman tafsiri suna ganin cewa abin da ake nufi da Ashabul Hijri a aya ta 80 a cikin Suratul Hijri shi ne Samudawa, kuma sunan yankin da waɗannan mutane suka zauna ne.[4]

Siffofinsu

Alƙur'ani ya bayyana fasahar Samudawa wajen gina gidaje ta hanyar sassaka duwatsu da kankara,[5] gina manyan fada-fada a cikin filaye,[6] da kuma yadda ƙasarsu take da albarka da ci gaba,[7] sannan ya jaddada cewa suna gina gidajensu ne daga duwatsu.[8]

Lokaci da Wurin Zamaz

A cikin Alƙur'ani, an bayyana Samudawa a matsayin magada ga Adawa,[9] kuma a cikin ambaton al'ummu da annabawa na farko, labarinsu ya zo ne bayan na mutanen Ad.[10] Wasu majiyoyi sun kira Samudawa da "Adal-Akhira" (Mutanen Ad na baya).[11] Wasu masu bincike suna ganin wannan jerin a matsayin alama ce ta jerin tarihinsu.[12] Kamar yadda Azarnoush, marubucin maƙalar nan mai suna "Negahi Be Tarikh Qaume Samud" (Neman Tarihin Samudawa) ya bayyana, ambaton Samudawa a majiyoyin da ya fi karkata ne tsakanin ƙarni na takwas kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S) zuwa ƙarni na biyu bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S).[13] Duk da haka, a majiyoyin tarihin Musulunci, an bayyana cewa zamanin annabcin Salihu (A.S) ya kasance ne kafin annabcin Annabi Ibrahim (A.S),[14] kuma an ambaci tazarar kusan shekaru 500 tsakanin mutanen Adawa da Samudawa.[15] A wasu majiyoyin kuma, an bayyana Samudawa a matsayin jikokin Sam Bin Nuhu.[16]

Matsuguni

A wasu majiyoyin tarihi an bayyana cewa wurin zaman Samudawa ya kasance ne a yankin Hijri, a gabar Tekun Jar-mali kusa da Wadi al-ƙura, kuma a kan hanyar da ta tashi daga Hijaz zuwa Sham.[17] Bisa wata ruwaya, lokacin da dakarun Musulunci suka ratsa ta yankin Hijru a kan hanyarsu daga Madina zuwa Tabuka, Annabi (S.A.W) ya ba da umarnin kada su sha ruwan wurin kuma su wuce ta wurin suna kuka, saboda tsoron kada abokan tafiyarsa su haɗu da irin bala'in da ya taɓa Samudawa.[18] Jawad Ali ya tafi a kan cewa tsaunukan Hijaz da yankin Jordan na yau ne wurin zamansu.[19]

Addini Da Annabi

Bisa ayoyin Alƙur'ani, Samudawa mushirikai ne, kuma Allah ya aiko Salihu (A.S) zuwa gare su domin ya shiryar da su tare da kira zuwa ga kaɗaita Allah.[20] A wata ruwaya daga Imam Baƙir (A.S), an naƙalto cewa Samudawa suna da gumaka guda saba'in.[21] Bisa wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), waɗannan mutane suna bauta wa wani babban dutse, inda suke taruwa a kewayensa sau ɗaya a shekara suna yi masa yanka (hadaya).[22] Wani rubutu na da (inscription) da aka jingina gare su, wanda aka yi shi a shekara ta 267 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S), wanda kuma aka ga wasu alamomi masu alaƙa da Annabi Isah (Al-Masihu) a jikinsa, an ɗauke shi a matsayin alamar yaɗuwar addinin Kiristanci a tsakaninsu a wancan zamanin.[23]

Mayar Da Martani Ga Kiran Salihu

Babban labari: Taguwar Salihu

Samudawa sun nemi mu'ujiza daga Annabi Salihu (A.S) domin tabbatar da da'awarsa.[24] Bisa ga ruwayoyi, sun buƙaci ya fito musu da wata taguwa daga cikin dutse.[25] Allah ya biya musu buƙatarsu, inda wata taguwa ta fito daga cikin dutse; Salihu ya yi musu gargaɗin kada su taɓa ta da wani mummuna.[26] Duk da haka, Samudawa sun kashe taguwar.[27] Wasu malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, suna dogara da wata ruwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W), sun yi nuni da kamancin wanda ya kashe taguwar Salihu (wanda aka kira shi da Ashƙal-Awwalin - mafi rashin arziƙin farko) da wanda ya kashe Imam Ali (A.S) (wanda aka kira shi da Ashqal-Akhirin - mafi rashin kashin ƙarshe).[28]

Alƙur'ani ya ambaci wasu ƙungiyoyi guda tara (9) a cikin Samudawa waɗanda suka yi rantsuwa a tsakaninsu cewa za su kashe Salihu da iyalinsa.[29] Bisa wasu rahotanni, mutane tara ne waɗanda suka ɓuya a cikin wani kogo, inda kogon ya ruguje a kansu ya halaka su.[30]

Samudawa sun kasu kashi biyu ko uku dangane da kiran Salihu.[31] Yawancinsu sun ƙi amincewa da kiransa, sai dai mutane kaɗan ne suka bi shi.[32]

Saukar Azabar ubangiji

Bayan Samudawa sun kashe taguwar, Salihu ya sanar da su cewa bayan kwanaki uku za su fuskanci azabar Allah.[33] Bisa wasu rahotanni, a rana ta farko launin fuskokinsu ya koma fatsi-fatsi, rana ta biyu ya koma ja, sannan rana ta uku ya koma baƙi, daga nan kuma azabar Allah ta halaka su.[34] Alƙur'ani ya ambaci azabar Samudawa da sunaye kamar Sa'iƙa,[35] Saihah ,[36] da kuma Rajfa.[37] Wasu marubuta suna ganin waɗannan sunayen a matsayin matakai daban-daban na azaba guda ɗaya.[38]

Waɗanda Suka Tsira Daga Azabar

An ce wasu mutane kaɗan da suka rage daga Samudawa sun yi hijira zuwa Makka[39] ko kuma zuwa garin Ramla na Falasɗinu.[40] Wasu masu bincike suna ganin wanzuwar wurare da dama da aka sanya wa sunan Annabi Salihu a Falasɗinu a matsayin dalilin zaman waɗanda suka rage daga Samudawa a yankin.[41] Abul Faraj Isfahani ya bayyana cewa ƙabilar Saƙif tsatson Samudawa ne,[42] amma Ibn Khaldun ya yi shakkun ingancin wannan dangantakar.[43] Wasu kuma suna kallon Bani Hilal a matsayin zuriyar Samudawa.[44]

Ragowar Kayayyakin Tarihi

An gano zane-zane a jikin duwatsu, rubuce-rubucen da, da gine-gine da dama a tsaunin Asalis da sauran sassan Tsibirin Larabawa, inda wasu ke ganin cewa waɗannan gine-ginen makabartun Samudawa ne.[45] A rubuce-rubucen (inscriptions) da aka jingina gare su, an ga sunayen gumaka kamar Radwu ko Radi (ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun gumakan arewacin Larabawa), Salm (gunki daga yankin Taima), da sauran alloli na waɗannan yankuna.[46]

An ce labarin Samudawa bai zo a cikin Attaura ba. Saboda haka, wasu masu binciken kayan tarihi sun taɓa yin shakkun wanzuwar wannan al'umma,[47] amma tun daga ƙarni na 19 miladiyya, binciken kayan tarihi ya tabbatar da wanzuwar al'umma mai suna Samud.[48]

Batutuwa Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ragib Isfahani, Mufradat, shafi na 175.
  2. ↑ Ibn Kasir, Qasasul Anbiya, shafi na 112.
  3. ↑ Abdul-Baƙi, Al-Mu'jamul Mufahras li Alfazil Qur'anil Karim, ƙarƙashin kalmar Samud; juzu'i na 9, shafi na 125.
  4. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 185–186; Ɗabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 529.
  5. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 149.
  6. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 84.
  7. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, ayoyi na 147–148.
  8. ↑ Suratul Fajr, aya ta 9.
  9. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 74.
  10. ↑ Suratul A'araf, ayoyi na 65–73; Suratul Hud, ayoyi na 59–61; Suratul Shu'ara, ayoyi na 123–141; Suratuz Zariyat, ayoyi na 41–43; Suratul Ƙamar, ayoyi na 18–23; Suratul Fajr, ayoyi na 6–9.
  11. ↑ Mibudi, Kashful Asrar wa Uddatul Abrar, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 435.
  12. ↑ Khalidi, Al-Qasasul Qur'ani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 270–271.
  13. ↑ Azarnush, «Negahi Be tarikhe Qaume Samud,» shafi na 34–36.
  14. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhul Umam wa al-Muluk, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 216; Mas'udi, At-Tanbihu wal Ishraf, shafi na 70.
  15. ↑ Sa'ad Zaglul, Fit Tarikhil Arab Qabl al-Islam, shafi na 113.
  16. ↑ Maƙdisi, Al-Bad'u wat Tarikh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 37.
  17. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhul Umam wa al-Muluk, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 226–227.
  18. ↑ Sa'alabi, Qasasul Anbiya, shafi na 62; Abu Al-Futuh Razi, Raudul Jinan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 281–282.
  19. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fit Tarikhil Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328.
  20. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 73; Suratul Hud, aya ta 63; Suratul Shu'ara, ayoyi na 141–142; Suratul Namli, aya ta 45,
  21. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 185.
  22. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 187.
  23. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fit Tarikhil Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328.
  24. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 154.
  25. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 187.
  26. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 73; Suratul Hud aya ta 64; Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 156.
  27. ↑ Suratul Shu'ara, aya ta 157
  28. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 301.
  29. ↑ Suratul Namli, ayoyi na 48–49.
  30. ↑ Abul Futuh Razi, Raudul Jinan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 276.
  31. ↑ Suratul Namli, aya ta 45; Suratul A'araf, aya ta 75.
  32. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 183.
  33. ↑ Suratul Hud, aya ta 65.
  34. ↑ Ɗabrisi, Majmaul Bayan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 21; Abul Futuh Razi, Raudul Jinan, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 280–281.
  35. ↑ Suratul Fussilat, ayoyi na 13 da 17; Suratuz Zariyat, aya ta 44.
  36. ↑ Suratul Hud, aya ta 65.
  37. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta 78.
  38. ↑ Khalidi, Al-Qasasul Qur'ani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 293.
  39. ↑ Maƙdisi, Al-Bad'u wat Tarikh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 41.
  40. ↑ Mas'udi, Murujuz Zahab, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 17.
  41. ↑ Dabbag, Al-Qaba'ilul Arabiyya wa Sala'iluha fi Biladina Filasɗin, shafi na 21–22.
  42. ↑ Abul Faraj, Al-Aghani, juzu'i na 4, shafuffuka na 302–307.
  43. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 26.
  44. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328.
  45. ↑ Musa, Dirasat Islamiyya fit Tafsir wat Tarikh, shafi na 56–57.
  46. ↑ Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikhil Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 328–331.
  47. ↑ Musa, Dirasat Islamiyya fit Tafsir wat Tarikh, shafi na 58.
  48. ↑ Jawad Ali,Al-Mufassal fi Tarikhil Arab Qabl al-Islam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 324.

Nassoshi

  • Abu al-Futuh Razi, Husain bin Ali, Raudul Jinan wa Ruhul Jinan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, masu tantancewa: Muhammad Jafar Yahaghi, Nasihi da Muhammad Mahadi, Mashhad, Astane Quds Ridawi, bugu na farko, 1408H.
  • Azarnush, Azartash, «Negahi Be tarikhe Qaume Samud,» (Duba ga tarihin mutanen Samud), Maqalat wa Barrasiha, (makloli da bincike) lamba ta 9–12, bazara da damina, 1351Sh/1972M.
  • Dabbag, Mustafa Murad, Al-Qaba'ilul Arabiyya wa Sala'iluha fi Biladina Filasɗin, Beirut, 1986M.
  • Ibn Kasir, Qasasul Anbiya, mai tantancewa: Sayyid Jumaili, Beirut, 1410H/1990M.
  • Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikhil Arab Qabl al-Islam, Beirut, 1976–1978M.
  • Khalidi, Salah, Al-Qasasul Qur'ani: 'Ard Waƙa'i' wa Tahlil Ahdas, Damascus, Mawallafar Al-Ƙalam, 1419H.
  • Kulaini, Muhammad bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, masu gyarawa: Ali Akbar Gaffari da Muhammad Akhundi, Tehran, Darul Kutubil Islamiyya, 1407H.
  • Maƙdisi, Muɗahhar Bin Ɗahir, Kitab al-Bad'u wat Tarikh, bugun Clement Huart, Paris, 1899–1919M; offset Tehran, 1962M.
  • Mas'udi, Ali bin Husain, At-Tanbihu wal Ishraf, mai gyarawa: Abdullah Isma'il Sawi, Cairo, Mawallafar al-Sawi, babu tarihi; ofsset Qum, Cibiyar Nashr al-Manabi' as-Saƙafa al-Islamiyya.
  • Mas'udi, Ali bin Husain, Murujuz Zahab wa Ma'adin al-Jawhar, mai bincike: As'ad Daghir, Qum, Mawallafar Dar al-Hijra, 1409H.
  • Musa, Muhammad Azab, Dirasat Islamiyya fit Tafsir wat Tarikh, Beirut, Cibiyar Al-Arabiyya Lil Dirasat Wan Nashri, 1980M.
  • Ragib Isfahani, Husain Bin Muhammad, Mufradat Alfazil Qur'an, mai gyarawa: Safwan Adnan Dawudi, Dar al-'Ilm - Dar Ash-Shamiyya, Lebanon–Syria, 1412H.
  • Sa'ad Zaghlul, Abdulhamid, Fi al-Tarikh al-'Arab Qabl al-Islam, Beirut, Gidan Bunkasar Larabawa, 1976M.
  • Sa'alabi, Ahmad bin Muhammad, Qasasul Anbiya al-Musamma Ara'is al-Majalis, Beirut, Al-Maktabat as-Saƙafiyya, babu kwanan wata.
  • Ɗabari, Muhammad Bin Jarir, Tarikhul Umam wa al-Muluk, mai bincike: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Beirut, Darul Turas, 1967M/1387H.
  • Ɗabrisi, Fadl bin Hasan, Majma'ul Bayan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, gabatarwa: Muhammad Jawad Balagi, Tehran, Mawallafar Khusraw, 1372Sh.
  • Ɗabaɗaba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husain, Al-Mizan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, mai fassara: Musawi Hamadani, Qum, Ofishin Mawallafar Islami Jami'e Mudarrsisin Hauze Ilmiyya Qum,1417H.
  • Abul Faraj Isfahani, Ali Bin Husaini, Al-Aghani, Alkahira, 1383H.
  • Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun (Diwanul Mubtada wal Khabar), gyara: Khalil Shahada da Suhail Zakkar, Beirut, 1408H.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Daƙiƙa:Samudawa&oldid=26694"