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Daƙiƙa:Mi'irajus Sa'ada (Littafi)

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Mi'irajus Sa'ada
MarubuciMulla Ahmad Naraƙi
Maudu'iAkhlaƙ
HarsheFarsi
Adadin JildiMujalladi 1
Adadin shafuka979
Mai bugawaCibiyar Wallafe-wallafen Hijira


Mi'rajus Sa'ada littafi ne da aka rubuta da harshen Farisanci game da ɗabi'un Musulunci, wanda Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi (ya rasu a shekara ta 1245H) ya rubuta. An ce wannan littafin taƙaitaccen sigar Farisanci ne na Jami' us Sa'adat, littafin Mulla Mahadi Naraƙi, ko da yake akwai bambance-bambance a tsarin rubutu da salon gabatarwa tsakanin littattafan biyu.

A cikin Mi'rajus Sa'ada, an gabatar da wata ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya wajen magance munanan ɗabi'u: kowace mummunar ɗabi'a ana magance ta ne ta hanyar aikata kishiyarta. Bisa ga wannan littafi, kowace kyakkyawar ɗabi'a tana da matsakaicin iyaka da ake kira daidaito, yayin da wuce gona da iri ko gazawa daga wannan matsakaici su ne munanan ɗabi'u.

An buga Mi'rajus Sa'ada a bugu daban-daban. Daga cikinsu akwai bugun Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafen Hijira da aka yi a birnin Qum, mai shafuka 797. Haka kuma,Shaik Abbas Ƙummi ya taƙaita wannan littafi a cikin wani aiki mai suna Al-Maƙamatul Aliyya Fi Mujibatis Sa'adatil Abadiyya.

Muhimmanci Da Matsayinsa

Shaik Abbas Ƙummi ya bayyana Mi'rajus Sa'ada a matsayin mafi kyawun littafin Akhlaƙ da aka rubuta da harshen Farisanci, kuma ya ce yana da kyau kowa ya kasance yana tare da shi.[1]

Haka kuma, abin da wasu marubuta suke kira Makarantar Akhlaƙ ta Naraƙiyawa ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayoyin Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi a cikin Mi'rajus Sa'ada da kuma Mulla Mahadi Naraƙi a cikin Jami' al-Sa'adat.[2] A wannan makaranta, ana ɗaukar cewa kowace kyakkyawar ɗabi'a tana da wani matsakaicin matsayi da ake kira i'tidal (daidaito), yayin da wuce gona da iri ko gazawa daga wannan matsayi suke zama munanan ɗabi'u.[3]

An kuma ce Mi'rajus Sa'ada ya sami tasiri daga littafin Kimiyaye Sa'adat na Ghazali.[4] Haka kuma, littafin Al-Maƙamatul Aliyya Fi Mujibatis Sa'adatil Abadiyya na Shaik Abbas Ƙummi taƙaitaccen sigar Mi'rajus Sa'ada ne.[5]

Ayatullahi Mujtahidi Tehrani ya kasance yana koyar da Mi'rajus Sa'ada ga ɗalibai a darussansa na jama'a a Hauzar Ilimi.[6] Haka kuma, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Hamadani ya ba da labarin cewa ya roƙi malaminsa na irfani da Akhlaƙ, Sayyid Ali Ƙazi, ya koyar da littafin Jami'us Sa'adat na marigayi Naraƙi, kuma malamin ya amince da wannan buƙata cikin karamci.[7]

Sai dai, an kuma yi wasu suka ga Mi'rajus Sa'ada. Daga cikinsu akwai rashin jingina hadisai, shaidu na ƙwarewar rayuwa da misalan Akhlaƙ zuwa ingantattun madogara, da kuma rashin kula da maganganun manyan malamai.[8]

Marubuci

Babban labari: Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi

Ahmad Bin Muhammad Mahadi bn Abi Zar Naraƙi, wanda aka fi sani da Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi ko Fadil Naraƙi (ya rasu a shekara ta 1245H), ɗa ne ga Mulla Mahadi Naraƙi, kuma yana daga cikin

manyan malaman Shi'a na ƙarni na goma sha uku bayan Hijira.[9]

Ya yi karatu a wajen manyan malamai kamar Sayyid Muhammad Mahadi Bahrul Ulum, Mirza Mahadi Shahristani, Jafar Kashiful Giɗa, Sahibul al-Riyad, da sauran malamai.[10]

Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, ya zama babban marja'i na jama'a a garinsu, inda ya jagoranci al'amuran addini na mutane.[11]

Mulla Ahmad ya rubuta littattafai da dama a fannoni daban-daban na ilimomin Musulunci. Wasu sun ƙiyasta adadin rubuce-rubucensa zuwa 35. Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukansa akwai: Mustanadush Shi'a; Awa'idul Ayyam; Mi'rajus Sa'ada.[12]

Abubuwan Da Littafin Ya Kunsa Da Tsarinsa

Littafin ya kasu gida babi biyar, kuma kowane babi yana ɗauke da fannoni da dama:

  • Babi na Farko: Gabatarwa masu amfani.
  • Babi na Biyu: Munanan ɗabi'u da bayani kan ƙarfin rai (Ƙuwan nafs).
  • Babi na Uku: Kiyaye kyawawan ɗabi'u daga karkacewa da sauran batutuwa.
  • Babi na Hudu: Kyawawan ɗabi'u da yadda ake samun su.
  • Babi na Biyar: Sirrika da ladubban ibada.[13]

Babi na farko ya fara da wani sashe da ke bayyana cewa sanin kai shi ne matakin farko na sanin Allah. Marubucin ya kawo wani baiti na Sanai a matsayin shaida: Yaya za ka zama mai sanin Ubangiji, alhali kai ma ba ka san hakikanin kanka ba?[14]

Ƙarshen littafin ya ƙunshi wani sashe da ke bayani kan lada da falalar ziyarar Annabi (S.A.W) da Ahlul-Baiti (A.S), tare da bayyana wasu daga cikin ladubban yin ziyara gare su.[15]

Hanyoyin Magance Munanan Ɗabi'u

A cikin Mi'rajus Sa'ada, an gabatar da wata ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya don magance munanan ɗabi'u: kowace mummunar ɗabi'a ana kawar da ita ne ta hanyar aikata kishiyarta.[16] Sai dai Naraƙi yana ganin cewa ba wannan kaɗai ba ne. Ya kuma bayyana cewa kawar da abubuwan da suke haifar da munanan ɗabi'u[17] da kuma sanin illolinsu na duniya da Lahira[18] suna taimakawa wajen gyaran ɗabi'a. Saboda haka, bayan ya bayyana kowace mummunar ɗabi'a, sai ya yi bayanin abubuwan da ke haddasa ta, illolinta a duniya da Lahira, sannan ya kawo hanyoyin magance ta.[19]

Game da matakan gina kyawawan ɗabi'u, Naraƙi ya yi imani cewa mutum ya kamata ya fara da tsarkake ƙarfin sha'awa (Ƙuwwatush shahwa), sannan ƙarfin fushi (Ƙuwwatul ghadab), daga bisani kuma ƙarfin hankali (Ƙuwwatul Aƙl).[20]

Haka kuma, game da kyawawan ɗabi'u, yana ganin cewa mutum ya ci gaba da aikata su har sai sun zama halayya tabbatacciya (malaka) a cikinsa.[21]

Bambanci Tsakanin Mi'rajus Sa'ada da Jami'us Sa'adat

Agha Buzurg Tehrani, a cikin Az-Zari'a, ya bayyana cewa Mi'rajus Sa'ada an samo shi ne daga littafin Jami'us Sa'adat na Mulla Muhammad Mahadi Naraƙi (ya rasu a 1209H), har ma ya ɗauke shi a matsayin fassararsa zuwa Farisanci.[22][Tsokaci 1] Duk da haka, littattafan biyu suna da bambance-bambance a tsarin gabatarwa da jerin batutuwa.[23] Daga cikin bambance-bambancen akwai:

  • Salon gabatarwa: A cikin Jami'us Sa'adat, hujjojin hankali sun fi rinjaye. Amma Mi'rajus Sa'ada ya fi ƙarfafa hujjojin naƙali da salon wa'azi. Saboda haka, marubucin ya yawaita kawo hadisai, haɗa hujjojin hankali da naƙali, tare da kawo baitocin waƙa.[24]
  • Tsarin babuka: Tsari da sunayen babuka da fannoni a littattafan biyu ba su yi daidai ba. Misali, babi na farko na Jami'us Sa'adat yana da fannoni goma sha shida, yayin da babi na farko na Mi'rajus Sa'ada yake da fannoni goma. Haka kuma, akwai wasu fannoni da suke cikin ɗaya daga cikin littattafan amma ba su cikin ɗayan.[25]

Duk da haka, a wasu wurare Mi'rajus Sa'ada ya faɗaɗa bayanan da suka zo a cikin Jami'us Sa'adat.[26]

Batutuwa Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Qummi, al-Maghamat al-Aliyya, shafi na 25.
  2. ↑ Misali, duba: Fasihi, "Aql-Garayi dar Manabi'-e Akhlaqi-ye Muta'akhkhir-e Shi'a", shafi na 162; Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 229.
  3. ↑ Ihsani, "Bayidaha wa Nabayadaha-ye Akhlaqi dar Andishe-ye Do Fadil Naraki", shafi na 38–39.
  4. ↑ Jalali, "Mi'rajus Sa'ada dar Ayine-ye Tarikh wa Falsafe-ye Ta'lim wa Tarbiyat", shafi na 154.
  5. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Al-Zari'a, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 13.
  6. ↑ Shakir Barkhurdar, Adab al-Tullab.
  7. ↑ Shafin Intanet na Farhikhtegan-e Tamaddun-e Shi'i.، سایت فرهیختگان تمدن شیعی.
  8. ↑ Jalali, "Mi'rajus Sa'ada dar Ayine-ye Tarikh wa Falsafe-ye Ta'lim wa Tarbiyat", shafi na 152–153.
  9. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 229.
  10. ↑ Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, shafi na 21.
  11. ↑ Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, shafi na 21.
  12. ↑ Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, shafi na 22–35.
  13. ↑ Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, Muƙaddime Muallif, shafi na 13.
  14. ↑ Naraki, Ahmad, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 17.
  15. ↑ Naraki, Ahmad, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 891.
  16. ↑ Ihsani, "Bayidaha wa Nabayadaha-ye Akhlaqi dar Andishe-ye Do Fadil Naraki", shafi na 38–39.
  17. ↑ Ihsani, "Bayidaha wa Nabayadaha-ye Akhlaqi dar Andishe-ye Do Fadil Naraki", shafi na 38–39.
  18. ↑ Misali, duba: Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, shafi na 578.
  19. ↑ Misali, duba: Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, shafi na 580–583.
  20. ↑ Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada", Hijra, shafi na 64.
  21. ↑ Misali, duba: Naraki, Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Hijra, shafi na 580.
  22. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 229.
  23. ↑ Hikmat, "Jami' al-Sa'adat", juzu'i na 9, shafi na 333.
  24. ↑ Hikmat, "Jami' al-Sa'adat", juzu'i na 9, shafi na 333.
  25. ↑ Hikmat, "Jami' al-Sa'adat", juzu'i na 9, shafi na 333.
  26. ↑ Hikmat, "Jami' al-Sa'adat", juzu'i na 9, shafi na 333.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ An samo shi daga littafin mahaifinsa Jami' al-Sa'adat kuma an tsara shi bisa tsarin littafin, har ma an dauke shi a matsayin fassararsa.

Nassoshi

  • Kitab-e Mi'rajus Sa'ada, Mawallafar Nurshop.Mushahada: 23 Shahriwar 1400Sh.
  • Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Muhammad Muhsin, al-Dhari'a ila Tasanif al-Shi'a, Qum da Tehran, Isma'iliyan da Islamiyya. 1408H.
  • Fasihi, Zakariyya, "Aql-Garayi dar Manabi'-e Akhlaqi-ye Muta'akhkhir-e Shi'a (ba Mahwariyyat-e Mahajjat al-Bayda, Mi'rajus Sa'ada wa Jami' al-Sa'adat)", Partaw-e Khirad, lamba ta 20. 1399Sh.
  • Hikmat, Nasrullah, "Jami' al-Sa'adat", Daneshname-ye Jahan-e Islam, juzu'i na 9.1393Sh.
  • Ihsani, Muhammad, "Bayidaha wa Nabayadaha-ye Akhlaqi dar Andishe-ye Do Fadil Naraki", Ma'arifat, lamba ta 92. 1384Sh.
  • Jalali, Muhammad Rida, "Mi'rajus Sa'ada dar Ayine-ye Tarikh wa Falsafa-ye Ta'lim wa Tarbiyat", Littafin Watan Addini lamba ta 53 da 54. 1381Sh.
  • Naraki, Ahmad bn Muhammad Mahdi, Kitab-e Mi'rajus Sa'ada, gabatarwar Muhammad Naqdi, Qum, Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafen Hijira. babu kwanan wata.
  • Shakir Barkhurdar, Farid, Adab al-Talab. 1392Sh.
  • Shafin Intanet na Farhikhtegan-e Tamaddun-e Shi'i.، سایت فرهیختگان تمدن شیعی. Ranar ziyara:28 Yuli 2026M.
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