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Daƙiƙa:Hadis Matruk

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia

Hadisul Matruk shi ne hadisin da ake zargin marawaicinsa da yin ƙarya, kuma ruwayoyinsa suke saɓawa ƙa'idoji bayyanannu kuma sanannu. haka kuma, ana kiran hadisan da masu ruwaito shi suke yawan yin kuskure kuma suka shahara da aikata fasikanci.

Wasu masana sun ɗauki hadisul matruk a matsayin daidai da hadisin maɗruh, kamar yadda wasu kuma suka kira shi hadisul munkar.

Hadisin matruk yana daga cikin nau'o'in hadisan da ake ƙin karɓa (Ahadith marduda), saboda haka malamai masu fitar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a ba sa aiki da abin da ya ƙunsa.

Masana ilimin rijal na Shi'a, saɓanin na Ahlus-Sunna, ba su ba wannan nau'in hadisi muhimmanci sosai ba.

Ana kiran masu ruwaito irin waɗannan hadisai da matruk ko matruk al-hadis. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi muni a matakan jarhi (sukar masu ruwaitowa), kuma hadisansu suna cikin mafi raunin nau'o'in hadisai.

Taƙaitaccen Bayani

Hadisin Matruk wata kalma ce ta fannin Dirayat al-hadith (ilimin tantance hadisi).[1] Ana kiran hadisin da wannan suna idan ana zargin mai ruwaitonsa da yin ƙarya, babu wani mai ruwaya da ya ruwaito shi banda shi, sannan abin da ya ruwaito ya saɓa wa ƙa'idoji bayyanannu kuma sanannu.[2] haka kuma, ana kiran hadisan mutanen da suka shahara da yin ƙarya da hadisul matruk,[3] ko da yake ba a tabbatar cewa ƙaryarsu ta kasance a cikin ruwayar hadisi ba,[4] ko kuma a cikin hadisai daga Annabi (S.A.W).[5]

A wata ma'anar kuma, wadda ta fi dacewa da ma'anar da malaman Ahlus-Sunna suka bayar, hadisul matruk shi ne hadisin da mai ruwaito shi yake yawan yin kuskure, ko kuma ya kasance mai yawan fasikanci da sakaci.[6]

hadisul matruk yana daga cikin nau'o'in hadisan da ake ƙin karɓa (Ahadisul marduda),[7] kuma malamai masu fitar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a ba sa aiki da abin da ya ƙunsa.[8]

Wasu masana ilimin hadisi sun kawo misalai na hadisul matruk.[9] Daga cikin misalan akwai hadisan da Umar Bin Shamir ya ruwaito daga Jabir Ju'ufi.[10]

Kamanceceniya Da Bambancinsa Da Sauran Matakan Jarhi

Ana kuma kiran hadisul matruk da hadisul mahjur.[11] haka kuma, wasu malaman hadisi sun kira shi hadisul munkar.[12] Duk da cewa yana kama da hadisul maudu (Ƙagaggen hadisi), amma masana hadisi ba sa kiransa hadisin maudu; domin zargin mai ruwaya da yin ƙarya kaɗai bai isa ya sanya hadisin cikin sahun ƙagaggun hadisai ba.[13]

A cewar Abdullahi Mamaƙani (1290–1351h), ɗaya daga cikin malaman ilimin rijal na Shi'a, Shaikh Ɗahir Al-Jaza'iri ya ɗauki kalmar matruk da maɗruh a matsayin masu ma'ana ɗaya. Duk da haka, mafi yawan masana sun bambanta tsakanin waɗannan kalmomi biyu.[14]

Wasu masana sun bayyana cewa dalilin ruɗani, cakudewa da kamanceceniyar wasu daga cikin waɗannan kalmomin ilimin rijal shi ne cewa marubutan littattafan rijal sau da yawa suna amfani da irin waɗannan kalmomi ba tare da yin cikakken bayani ko kawo hujja da dalilin amfani da su ba.[Tsokaci 1] Saboda haka, suna ganin cewa babu wata tabbatacciyar hanya da za a iya gano ainihin manufar malaman rijal game da ma'anar waɗannan kalmomi.[15]

Matsayinsa Da Yadda Ake Amfani Da Shi

A ilimin Rijal, ana kiran masu ruwaito hadis matruk da matruk ko matruk al-hadis.[16] Wannan lafazi a cikin littattafan rijal yana zuwa tare da wasu kalmomin suka kamar kazzab wadda (Mai yawan ƙarya kuma mai ƙirƙirar hadisi), kuma yana nuna cewa mai ruwayar ya cancanci a soke amincinsa (jarh da ƙadhi).[17]

Kalmar matruk ko matruk al-hadis ta shahara sosai a littattafan rijal na Ahlus-Sunna, kuma an yi cikakken bayani a kanta a littattafan Diraya al-hadis.[18] Amma a tsoffin littattafan rijal na Shi'a, kamar Rijalul Najashi da Rijaluɗ Ɗusi, ba a mai da hankali sosai ga wannan kalma ba.[Tsokaci 2] Sai dai an yi amfani da ita ne kawai a Rijalu Ibn Al-Ghada'iri game da wasu mutane.[19]

Duk da haka, akwai wasu kalmomi masu kusanci da wannan ma'ana a cikin littattafan rijal, kamar: Wa hadisuhu laisa bi-zikri al-naƙi (hadisinsa ba shi da tsarki ko inganci),[20] «Kana mukhtaliṭ al-amr fi hadisihi» (Ruwayarsa ta gauraye kuma ba ta da tabbas),[21] «kana da'ifan fi hadisihi» (Ya kasance mai rauni wajen ruwayar hadisi),[22] ko kuma «fi hadisihi nazar» (Akwai shakku game da hadisinsa).[23]

Wasu masana na baya-bayan nan sun tattauna hadisin matruk ko matruk al-hadis a ƙarƙashin batutuwa kamar: Nau'o'in hadisi mai rauni,[24] Abubuwan da suka haɗa nau'o'in hadisai guda huɗu,[25] nau'o'in khabarul wahid,[26] ko kuma matakan jarh.[27]

A tsarin rarrabuwar matakan kalmomin jarh da ta'adil da wasu littattafan rijal da na ilimin hadisi na Ahlus-Sunna suka kawo,[28] bisa ra'ayin Ibn Abi hatim, kalmar matruk al-hadis tana cikin mafi munin matakan jarh.[29] haka kuma, an ɗauki hadisin matruk a matsayin mafi ƙasƙanci daga cikin nau'o'in hadisi masu rauni.[30]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Tawagar masu bincike, Farhang-e Fiqh Muṭabiq Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.), juzu'ina 3, shafi na 278.
  2. ↑ SubHani, Usul al-Hadith wa AHkamuhu fi iIlm al-Diraya, shafi na 95.
  3. ↑ Khaṭib, Usul al-Hadith: iUlumuhu wa Mustalahuhu, shafi na 229.
  4. ↑ Mamaqani, Miqbas al-hidaya, 1411 Ah, juzui na 1, shafi na 315; Mariashli, iUlum al-Hadith al-Sharif, shafi na 102.
  5. ↑ Mariashli, Ulum al-Hadith al-Sharif, shafi na 102.
  6. ↑ Qasimi, Qawa'id al-TaHdith, shafi na 209; subHi saliH, Ulum al-Hadith wa Istilahatuhu, 1383 Shamsiyya, shafi na 156, an nakalto daga Alfiyyah al-Suyuṭi, shafi na 94; Khaṭib, Usul al-Hadith: Ulumuhu wa Mustalahuhu, shafi na 229.
  7. ↑ Qasimi, Qawa'id al-TaHdith, shafi na 209; Mariashli, Ulum al-Hadith al-Sharif, shafi na 90.
  8. ↑ Tawagar masu bincike, Farhang-e Fiqh Muṭabiq Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.), juzu'ina 3, shafi na 278.
  9. ↑ Don ƙarin bayani, duba: Qasimi, Qawa'id al-TaHdith, shafi na 209; subHi saliH, Ulum al-Hadith wa Istilahatuhu, shafi na 156.
  10. ↑ Khaṭib, Usul al-Hadith: Ulumuhu wa Mustalahuhu, shafi na 229.
  11. ↑ Tawagar masu bincike, Farhang-e Fiqh Muṭabiq Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.), 1426 Ah, juzu'ina 3, shafi na 278.
  12. ↑ Qasimi, Qawa'id al-TaHdith, shafi na 209; Mudirshanah-Chi, Dirayat al-Hadith, shafi na 99, an nakalto daga: Suyuṭi, Diraya Murawwaj, shafi na 63.
  13. ↑ Mariashli, Ulum al-Hadith al-Sharif, shafi na 102; Qasimi, Qawai'id al-TaHdith, shafi na 209.
  14. ↑ Mamaqani, Miqbas al-hidaya, juzu'ina 1, shafi na 316.
  15. ↑ Misali, duba: Mihrizi, Hadith-Pazhuhi, juzu'ina 1, shafi na 113.
  16. ↑ Ibn al-Ghaḍa'iri, al-Rijal, shafuka na 48 da 78.
  17. ↑ Kajuri Shirazi, al-Fawaʾid al-Rijaliyya, shafi na 120.
  18. ↑ Mamaqani, Miqbas al-hidaya, juzu'ina 1, shafi na 315.
  19. ↑ Ibn al-Ghaḍa'iri, al-Rijal, shafuka na 48 da 78.
  20. ↑ Najashi, Fihrist Asm Musannifi al-Sh'ia (Rijal al-Najashi), shafi na 19.
  21. ↑ Najashi, Fihrist Asmaʾ Musannifi al-Shi'a (Rijal al-Najashi), shafi na 172.
  22. ↑ Ɗusi, Rijaluɗ Ɗusi, shafi na 48.
  23. ↑ Ɗusi, Rijaluɗ Ɗusi, shafi na 39.
  24. ↑ subHi saliH, Ulum al-Hadith wa Istilahatuhu, 1383 Shamsiyya, shafi na 156; Khaṭib, Usul al-Hadith: Ulumuhu wa Mustalahuhu, shafi na 229.
  25. ↑ SubHani, Usul al-Hadith wa AHkamuhu fi iIlm al-Diraya, shafi na 95.
  26. ↑ Tawagar masu bincike, Farhang-e Fiqh Muṭabiq Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.), juzu'ina 3, shafi na 278.
  27. ↑ Jadidi-Nezhad, Danish-e Rijal az Didgah-e Ahl al-Sunna, 1381 Shamsiyya, shafi na 157; Hafiẓiyan, Rasa'il fi Dirayat al-Hadith, juzu'ina 1, shafuka na 228 da 492.
  28. ↑ Jadidi-Nezhad, Danish-e Rijal az Didgah-e Ahl al-Sunna, shafuka na 157–161.
  29. ↑ Jadidi-Nezhad, Danish-e Rijal az Didgah-e Ahl al-Sunna, shafi na 161.
  30. ↑ Jadidi-Nezhad, Danish-e Rijal az Didgah-e Ahl al-Sunna, shafi na 161.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Sai dai al-Kashshi ne kaɗai a cikin littafinsa na Rijal ya kawo hujjoji da dalilan da suka tabbatar da suka (jarH) da kuma yabo (taidil) da ya yi wa masu ruwaya. (Mihrizi, Hadith-Pazhuhi, 1390 Shamsiyya, juzu'ina 1, shafi na 113.)
  2. ↑ A cewar Mamaƙani, wannan istilahi ba a ba shi muhimmanci sosai ba a mafi yawan littattafan Dirayat al-Hadith ko ilimin hadisi na Shi'a. (Mamaqani, Miqbas al-hidaya, 1385 Shamsiyya, juzu'ina 1, shafi na 315.)

Nassoshi

  • Hafiẓiyan, Abu al-Fadl, Rasaiil fi Dirayat al-hadith, Qum, Cibiyar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Gidan hadisi, bugu na biyu, 1384 Shamsiyya.
  • Ibn Ghaḍaiiri, Ahmad bn Husayn, al-Rijal, Qum, Cibiyar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Dar al-Hadith, 1422 Ah.
  • Jadidi-Nezhad, Muhammad Riḍa, Danish-e Rijal az Didgah-e Ahl al-Sunna, Qum, Cibiyar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Dar al-Hadith., 1381 Shamsiyya.
  • Kajuri Shirazi, Muhammad Mahdi, al-Fawa'id al-Rijaliyya, Qum, Cibiyar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Dar al-Hadith., 1424 Ah.
  • Khaṭib, Muhammad Ajjaj, Usul al-Hadith: Ulumuhu wa Mustalahuhu, Beirut, Gidan al-Fikr, 1428 Ah.
  • Mamaqani, Abdullah, Miqbas al-hidaya", Qum, Cibiyar al al-Bayt (a.s.), 1411 Ah.
  • Mariashli, Yusuf, Ulum al-Hadith al-Sharif, Beirut, Gidan al-Mairifa, 1433 Ah.
  • Mihrizi, Mahdi, Hadith-Pazhuhi, Qum, Cibiyar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Gidan hadisi., bugu na biyu, 1390 Shamsiyya.
  • Mudirshanah-Chi, Kazim, Dirayat al-Hadith, Qum, Ofishin Buga Littattafan Musulunci, 1388 Shamsiyya.
  • Najashi, Ahmad bn Ali, Fihrist Asma Musannifi al-Shi'a, Qum, Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafen Musulunci, 1365 Shamsiyya
  • Qasimi, Jamal al-Din, Qawa'id al-Tahdith min Funun Musṭalah al-hadith, Beirut, Wallafe-wallafen Marwan Riḍwan Daibul. 1425 Ah.
  • Subhani, Jaifar, Usul al-hadith wa Ahkamuhu fi iIlm al-Diraya, Qum, Cibiyar Buga Littattafan Musulunci. 1426 Ah.
  • Subhi Salih, Musa, Ulum al-hadith wa Istilahatuhu, fassarar Adil Nadir Ali, Qum, Wallafe-wallafen Aswa., 1383 Shamsiyya.
  • Tawagar masu bincike, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sayyid Mahmud Hashimi Shahrudi, Farhang-e Fiqh Muṭabiq Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt (a.s), Qum, Cibiyar Kundin Ilimin Fikhun Musulunci Bisa Mazhabar Ahlul Baiti (a.s.), 1426 Ah.
  • Ɗusi, Muhammad bn al-Hasan, Rijaluɗ Ɗusi, Qum,Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafen Musulunci., 1415 Ah.
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