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Daƙiƙa:Cikawar Alƙur'ani

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Cikawar Alƙur'ani na nufin cewa Alƙur'ani ya ƙunshi dukkan ilimomi da koyarwar da ɗan Adam yake buƙata domin samun shiriya. Wannan batu yana daga cikin batutuwan da ake da saɓanin ra'ayi a cikinsu a ilimin Alƙur'ani, kuma tun farkon ƙarni-ƙarnin Musulunci yake jan hankalin malamai. A cikin littattafan tafsiri da hadisai, musamman wajen bayanin ayoyi kamar «تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ» (mai bayyana komai), an gabatar da ra'ayoyi mabambanta game da ma'anar da iyakar cikawar Alƙur'ani.

A wannan fage akwai manyan ra'ayoyi guda uku. Wasu suna ganin cewa Alƙur'ani ya ƙunshi dukkan ilimomi da sanin da ɗan Adam yake buƙata. Wasu kuma suna kallonsa a matsayin littafin shiriya wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan shiryar da mutum a al'amuran addini, ɗabi'a da zamantakewa. Wasu kuwa suna cewa Alƙur'ani ya bayyana manyan ƙa'idojin imani da ɗabi'a ne kawai, yayin da cikakkun bayanan rayuwa aka bar su ga hankali da ƙwarewar ɗan Adam. Tun daga ƙarni na goma sha huɗu da na goma sha biyar na Hijira, wannan batu ya fara haɗuwa da muhawara kan iyakar addini, alaƙar ilimi da addini, da abin da ya kamata a sa ran addini ya samar, kuma a cikin wannan mahallin ne ake ci gaba da tattauna shi.

Muhimmancin Batun Cikawar Alƙur'ani

Batun Cikawar Alƙur'ani yana da muhimmanci saboda yana fayyace gwargwado da irin abubuwan da koyarwar Alƙur'ani ta ƙunsa, ta haka kuma yana bayyana iyakar addini da kuma matsayin da yake da shi a rayuwar mutum ɗaya da ta al'umma.[1] Bisa ga ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da cikawar Alƙur'ani, fahimtar rawar addini a fannoni kamar ɗabi'a, hukunce-hukuncen shari'a, siyasa, tattalin arziƙi, al'adu, da kuma dangantakar addini da ilimi, tana bambanta.[2] Saboda haka, wannan batu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance abin da ya kamata a sa ran addini ya bayar, hanyar komawa ga Alƙur'ani domin neman shiriya, da kuma ƙayyade matsayin hankali da ƙwarewar ɗan Adam wajen fahimtar addini.[3]

A yau (ƙarni na goma sha biyar na Hijira), batun cikawar Alƙur'ani ya haɗu da batutuwa irin su iyakar addini, abin da ake tsammani daga addini, dangantakar ilimi da addini, da kuma dawwamar addini, kuma a cikin wannan mahallin ake nazartar sa.[4]

Nazarin Ma'ana

Cikawar Alƙur'ani na nufin cewa Alƙur'ani ya ƙunshi cikakken tarin ilimomi, ƙa'idoji da koyarwar da suke wajibi domin shiryar da ɗan Adam da kuma tsara rayuwarsa ta kashin kai da ta zamantakewa.[5] Bisa ga wannan fahimta, Alƙur'ani ya bayyana muhimman buƙatun ɗan Adam a tafarkin shiriya, tare da gabatar da manyan ƙa'idoji da tsare-tsaren da suka wajaba domin gano gaskiya, daidaita hulɗar mutane da juna, da kuma kaiwa ga samun rabauta a duniya da lahira.[6]

Tarihin Batun

Bisa ga wasu bincike-bincike, muhawarar game da cikawar Alƙur'ani ta samo asali tun zamanin Sahabbai.[7] A wata ruwaya da aka rawaito daga Ibn Mas'ud, an bayyana cewa Alƙur'ani shi ne tushen ilimin abubuwan da suka gabata da waɗanda za su zo nan gaba, kuma an ƙarfafa mutane su koma gare shi domin neman ilimi.[8] Haka kuma, masu tafsiri sun yi bayani kan ayoyi kamar: (وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ),[9] inda suka tattauna ma'anar kalmar «kowane abu» (كل شيء) da kuma iyakar cikawar Alƙur'ani.[10]

A cikin litattafan hadisai na Shi'a ma an rawaito hadisai da dama game da wannan batu.[11] A cikin Huɗuba ta 158 ta Nahj al-Balaga, an gabatar da Alƙur'ani a matsayin littafin da ya ƙunshi ilimin abin da zai faru nan gaba, labaran abubuwan da suka gabata, maganin matsaloli, da kuma tsarin tafiyar da rayuwar ɗan Adam.[12] Haka kuma, a cikin Al-Kafi an ware babi na musamman kan cikawar Alƙur'ani, inda aka tattara hadisai masu alaƙa da wannan maudu'i.[13]

Cikawar Gabaɗaya Ta Alƙur'ani

Bisa ga wannan ra'ayi, Alƙur'ani ba kawai ya ƙunshi al'amuran shiriya da addini ba, har ila yau yana da cikawa da iko a kan dukkan abubuwan da ɗan Adam yake buƙata a rayuwar duniya da lahira, da kuma dukkan sauran ilimomi; babu wani abu da yake a waje da shi.[14] A cikin malaman tafsiri na Shi'a, an lissafta Abdullahi Jawadi Amoli a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi.[15] Jawadi Amoli yana ganin cewa Alƙur'ani ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwan da suke da tasiri wajen samun farin cikin ɗan Adam; amma ba daidai ba ne a taƙaita farin cikin ɗan Adam ga batutuwan aƙida, fiƙihu, ɗabi'a da shari'a kawai, tare da ware ilimomin gwaji, na kusan gwaji, na hankali tsantsa da na wahayi daga abin da ke taimakawa wajen samun wannan farin ciki. Saboda haka, ana iya ɗaukar dukkan waɗannan ilimomi suna cikin abin da Alƙur'ani ya ƙunsa, ko ta fuskar zahirinsa ko baɗininsa.[16] A wasu majiyoyi, an bayyana Abul Fadli al-Mursi[17] da kuma Ɗanɗawi Jawhari daga cikin masu tafsiri na Ahlus-Sunna a matsayin masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi.[18]

Wasu daga cikin hujjojin da masu wannan ra'ayi suka gabatar sun kasance kamar haka:

  1. .Kuma Mun saukar maka da Littafin domin ya kasance mai fayyacewa bayanin komai[19] komai da kuma ayar: Kuma bayani dalla-dalla na kowane abu, da shiriya da rahama ga mutanen da suka yi imani.[20] suna daga cikin ayoyin da aka dogara da su wajen tabbatar da Cikawar Gabaɗaya ta Alƙur'ani.[21] A ra'ayin waɗannan malamai, manufar kalmar «kowane abu (كل شيء)» a cikin waɗannan ayoyi ita ce dukkan abubuwan da ɗan Adam yake buƙata a al'amuran addini da na duniya, da kuma dukkan ilimomi da sanin abubuwa.[22]
  2. .Haka kuma, ayoyi irin su:Kuma ba Mu aiko ka ba sai don ka zama rahama ga talikai[23] da kuma Kuma: shi bai kasance ba face tunatarwa ga talikai.[24] waɗanda suke nuna cewa Alƙur'ani saƙo ne na duniya baki ɗaya, ana amfani da su wajen nuna wannan fahimta.[25]
  3. .Haka nan, hadisai da aka rawaito daga Imamai (A.S.),[26] waɗanda daga cikinsu aka fahimci Cikawar Gabaɗaya ta Alƙur'ani.[27]
  4. .Hujjar hankali kuma ita ce: Addinin Musulunci shi ne addinin ƙarshe kuma cikakke; addini cikakke dole ne ya amsa dukkan buƙatun ɗan Adam har zuwa ranar alƙiyama. Alƙur'ani kuwa shi ne mafi muhimmancin tushe da babban littafin addini, saboda haka wajibi ne ya ƙunshi dukkan ilimomi da buƙatun ɗan Adam.[28]

Cikawa Wajen Shiryar Da Ɗan Adam

Wasu daga cikin malamai da malaman tafsiri na Musulunci sun taƙaita faɗin cikawar Alƙur'ani ne ga al'amuran shiriya kawai. Suna ganin cewa, tun da Alƙur'ani littafin shiriya ne, to dole ne ya kasance cikakke a cikin abubuwan da suka shafi shiriya da dukkan abin da yake da alaƙa da samun farin cikin ɗan Adam a rayuwar duniya da lahira.[29]Misali, Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i a cikin tafsirinsa Al-Mizan, yayin bayanin ayar: "وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدىً وَرَحْمَةً وَبُشْرى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ"[30] yana cewa manufar "kowane abu (كل شيء)" ita ce dukkan abubuwan da suke komawa ga batun shiriya; wato abubuwan da mutane suke buƙata domin samun shiriya, kamar ilimomin gaskiya da suka shafi sanin Mafari da makoma, kyawawan ɗabi'u, dokokin Ubangiji, da kuma labarai da wa'azi. Alƙur'ani yana bayyana dukkan waɗannan abubuwa.[31]

Ra'ayin Ƙayyadaddiyar Cikawar Alƙur'ani

An danganta ra'ayin ƙayyadaddiyar fahimta game da yalwar koyarwa da manufofin Alƙur'ani ga wasu daga cikin masu sabunta tunani na addini.[32] Wannan ra'ayi, kamar ra'ayin cikawar Alƙur'ani wajen shiriya, yana ɗaukar wannan Littafi Mai Tsarki a matsayin littafin shiriya; sai dai sun bambanta wajen faɗin iyaka da gwargwadon wannan shiriya da abubuwan da suke da alaƙa da ita.

Ma'anar haka ita ce: a cikin ra'ayin cikawar Alƙur'ani wajen shiriya, an bayyana dukkan buƙatun ɗan Adam na shiriya a fannin addini da rayuwa. Amma a wannan ra'ayin na ƙayyadaddiyar fahimta, Alƙur'ani yana gabatar da manyan ginshiƙan imani da ɗabi'a ne kawai, yayin da wani babban ɓangare na tsara rayuwar ɗan Adam, har da shirye-shiryen jagorantar rayuwarsa, aka bar wa hankali da ƙwarewar ɗan Adam.[33]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Misali, duba: Iyazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, 2001, shafi na 57.
  2. ↑ Misali, duba: Surush, Farbeh-tar az Ideolozhi shafuffuka na 48, 58 da 122; Iyazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, 2001, shafuffuka na 59–67.
  3. ↑ Iyazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 57.
  4. ↑ Iyazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 11.
  5. ↑ Misali, duba: Ayazi, Jami'iyyat-e Kur'an, shafi na 19; Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-haye Mufassiran-e Fariqain darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Kur'an, shafi na 224.
  6. ↑ Misali, duba: Ayazi, Jame'iyyat-e Qur'an, 2001, shafi na 19; Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jame'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 224.
  7. ↑ Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 222.
  8. ↑ Ibn Sa'id, Sunan Ibn Sa'id, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7..
  9. ↑ Suratul Nahl, aya ta 89.
  10. ↑ Misali, duba: Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, juzu'i na 12, shafuffuka na 324–325.
  11. ↑ Karimi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, 2011, shafuffuka na 114–115; Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 59–62.
  12. ↑ Ayazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 33; Nahj al-Balagha, Khutuba ta 158, shafi na 223.
  13. ↑ Allama Majlisi, Mir'at al-Uqul, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 208–210; Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 59–62; Karimi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 114–115.
  14. ↑ Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 225.
  15. ↑ Husainzadeh da wasu, Mutala'a-ye Tatbiqi-ye Khānish-e Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an-e Karim az Manzar-e Ayatullah Jawadi Amoli wa Alusi, shafi na 27.
  16. ↑ Jawadi Amoli, Tafsir Tasnim, juzu'i na 26, shafuffuka na 186–187.
  17. ↑ Zahabi, Al-Tafsir wa al-Mufassirun, Maktabat Wahbah, juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 353–354; Ma'rifat, At-Tamhid fi Ulum al-Qur'an, juzu'i na 6, shafuffuka na 15–16.
  18. ↑ Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 226; Ɗanɗawi, Al-Jawahir fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 5.
  19. ↑ Suratul Nahli, aya ta 89.
  20. ↑ Suratul Yusuf, aya ta 111.
  21. ↑ Ɗanɗawi, Al-Jawahir fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 190; Ayazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 20.
  22. ↑ Ɗanɗawi, Al-Jawahir fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 190; Husainzadeh wa wasu, Mutala'a-ye Tatbiqi-ye Khānish-e Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an-e Karim az Manzar-e Ayatullah Jawadi Amoli wa Alusi, shafi na 27.
  23. ↑ Suratul Anbiya, aya ta 107.
  24. ↑ Suratul Qalam, aya ta 52.
  25. ↑ Ayazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 25–26; Karimi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 105–106.
  26. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 59–62; Nahj al-Balagha, Khutuba ta 158, shafi na 223.
  27. ↑ Ayazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 25–26.
  28. ↑ Ayazi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 36–37; Karimi, Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 124–125.
  29. ↑ Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafuffuka na 227–228.
  30. ↑ Suratul Nahli, aya ta 89.
  31. ↑ Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, juzu'i na 12, shafuffuka na 324–325.
  32. ↑ Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 231.
  33. ↑ Tahmasbi Baldaji, Ibrahim, Naqd wa Barrasi-ye Didgah-ha-ye Mufassiran-e Fariqain Darbare-ye Jami'iyyat-e Qur'an, shafi na 231; Javaheri, Nazariye-ye Jami'iyyat-e Ilmi-ye Shabake'i wa Hushmand-e Qur'an-e Karim (Sakhtar wa Farayand), shafi na 105.

Nassoshi

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