Talk:Lamuni
Lamuni, bada kuxi ga wani bisa yarjejeniya cewa wanda ya karva zai dawo su, bada lamuni ko rance kamar yadda ya zo cikin ayoyin kur’ani da riwayoyi yana daga ayyuka na mustahabbi a muslunci, haqiqa muslunci ya yi bushara da ladan mai girma ga mai bada lamuni, xaya daga muhimmanci da bada lamuni yake da shi an siffanta shi da bada rance ga Allah, shi bada lamuni ga Allah wanda ake kira da qarzul hasan, lamuni ne da yake fitowa daga kuxaxe na halal wand aba a vata shi da gori da cutarwa ba, cikin riwaya an yi umarni da kuma nasiha da kyawunta mu’amala yayin neman dawo da lamunin da aka bayar. Ingancin lamuni ya dogara da sharuxxa misalin balaga, hankali da kuma zavi, sannan qari kan waxannan gama garin sharuxxa akwai kevantattun sharuxxa da aka ambata kan ingancin lamuni; misalin idan ya zamana an ayyana lokacin dawo da lamuni, haqiqa wanda ya bada lamuni ba shi da haqqin neman a dawo masa da kuxin gabanin cikar wannan ayyanannen lokaci, haka kuma an bayyana cewa jinkirta biyan lamuni matsayin zunubi, Neman biyan lamuni fiye da miqdarin da aka bayar shi ma yana daga haramun.
Ma’ana Lamuni yana nufin bada rancen kuxi ga wani tare da yarjejeniya dawo da wannan kuxaxe[1] cikin ayoyin kur’ani an ambaci qarzul hasan, ma’ana kyakkyawan lamuni ko rance.[2] kan wannan asasi, qarzul hasan wani lamuni ne da yake fitowa daga dukiyar halal wanda kuma ba a lalata shi ba da gori da taqurawa wanda aka bawa rance.[3] qarzul hasan a ma’ana ta fiqihu shi ne lamuni wanda babu riba a cikinsa.[4]
Matsayi Da Muhimmanci Cikin ayoyin kur’ani da riwayoyi an tabbatatar da muhimmancin qarzun hasan tare da nuna cewa daidai yake da baiwa Allah rance.[5] bisa wata riwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W), haqiqa ladan bada lamuni ya fifici na sadaqa.[6] ayoyi na 45 suratul baqara, 12 suratul ma’ida, 11 da 18 suratul hadid, 17 suratul tagabun da aya 20 suratul muzammil ayoyi ne game da qarzul hasan.[7] bisa ayoyin kur’ani da riwayoyi da aka naqalto su daga Annabi (S.A.W) da Ahlul-baiti (A.S) haqiqa bada lamuni yana daga ayyukan mustahabbi, mai bada lamuni zai samu lada mai girma ranar alqiyama.[8] haka kuma Imamai ma’asumai (A.S) sun umarni ga mai neman biyan lamuni da kyautata mu’amala da lalami yayin neman biyan lamuni. Bisa riwaya daga Imam Sadiq (A.S), duk wanda ya bada rance ga mabuqaci, sannan ya bi da lalami da kyautawa yayin neman biyan lamuni, za a goge zunubansu.[9] Duk da cewa riwayoyi sun kwaxaitar kan bada lamuni, amma tare da haka riwayoyi sun zargi mai neman karvar lamuni, daga jumlar waxannan riwayoyi akwai riwaya da ake dangantawa ga Imam Ali (A.S), wace cikinta yake hani kan karvar lamuni, saboda shi lamuni yana haifar da wulaqanci da rana sannan kuma baqin ciki da dare.[10] Akwatunan ajiya na qarzul hasan da aka tanada domin bada rance ga mabuqata haka kuma tare da manufar qauracewa riba da bankuna suka saba sharxantawa masu karvar lamuni daga gare su, kafin nasarar juyin juya halin muslunci a Iran a da ya faru 1979 miladi, waxannan akwatuna aka samar da su.[11] sannan risalolin hukunce-hukuncen shari’a sun yi bayanin hukunce-hukuncen wannan nau’in lamuni.[12]
Hukunce-hukuncen Lamuni Lamuni a mahangar fiqihu yana nufin bada kuxi ga wani mutum tare da sharaxin zai dawo da su.[13] ingancin lamuni ya xoru kan gama garin sharuxxa misalin: balaga, hankali, nufi da zavi, haka kuma yana da kevantattun sharuxxa daga misalin: dole abin da za a bayar lamuni ya zama yana daga abubuwan da za a iya mallaka, savanin barasa giya da alade, kuma dole abin da za a bayar lamunin ya kasance ayyananne ba mubhami da ba san ko mene ne shi ba.[14]
Ba’arin Hukunce-hukuncen Lamuni Bisa fiqihun shi’a, idan cikin yarjejeniyar lamuni ya zamana an ayyana lokacin biyan wannan lamuni, mai lamuni ba zai iya neman biya shi lamuninsa ba kafin cikar wannan lokaci, amma idan ba a ayyana lokaci ba, to kowanne lokaci zai iya nema a biya shi lamuninsa.[15] idan mai bada lamuni ya nemi a biya shi lamuninsa, wajibi ne wanda ya ci lamuni ya biya nan take ba tare da jinkiri ba, jinkirta biyan lamuni ana lissafa shi cikin zunubi.[16]
Riba Cikin Lamuni
- Tushen qasida: Ribar Lamuni
Xaya daga cikin mas’aloli dangane da maudu’i da yake da alaqa da lamuni, riba cikin lamuni tana da ma’anar sanya sharaxi cewa mai bada lamuni za a masa qari wani miqdari yayin dawo da kuxin, babu bambanci an fayyace shi qarara yayin bayarwa ko ba a fayyace ba.[17] na’am miqdarin da bisa zavi mai karvar lamuni yayin dawo da shi ya qara kan abin da ya karba ba a lissafa shi a matsayin riba bisa ra’ayin fiqihun shi’a da ahlus-sunna.[18]