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Kaffarar Azumi

Daga wikishia


Kaffarar Azumi (Larabci: كفارة الصوم) Wani nau'i ne na tara da mutum baligi yake yi sakamakon karya azumi na Ramadan ko azumin bakance ko na ramuwar watan azumin ramadan, bayan kiran sallar Azuhur, duk wanda ya karya azumi da ganganci, to wajibi ne ya yi azumi tsawon wata biyu, kuma dole ne ya yi azumi na kwana goma talatin da ɗaya a jere kafin ya huta ya dawo ya kammala sittin cifcif, ko kuma ya ciyar da talakawa guda sittin.

Kaffarar azumi tana wajaba ne idan mutum ya san cewa abin da yake aikatawa zai kai shi ga karya azumi, wasu daga cikin malamai kamar malamin nan mai litattafin Jawahir da Sayyid Khuyi sun tafi kan cewa duk wanda ya karya azumi da gangan bayan wajabcin bada Kaffaraa kansa, to dole ya rama wannan azumin, amma wasu malaman fiƙihu suna ganin cewa dan mutum ya aikata abin da zai karya azumi da gangan, kamar amai, to ba wajibi ba ne sai ya bada kaffara.

Bisa fatawa ta malaman shi'a, idan mutum ya karya azumi ta hanyar aikata abin da yake haram ne kamar shan giya ko zina, to wajibi ne ya haɗa dukkan kaffarori guda biyu, (Ya yi azumin wata biyu kuma ya ciyar da talakawa sittin), amma wasu daga cikin malamai sun tafi kan cewa kaffara ta haɗawa anan ana nufin ya yi Ihtiyaɗi na wajibi ko kuma Ihtiyaɗi na mustahabbi wato ya zaɓi ɗaya a cikin guda biyun.

Nazarin Ma'ana

Kaffara kamar wata tarace ta kuɗi ko ta jiki wanda mutum baligi yake yi, sakamakon aikata wasu laifuka.[1] sau dayawa tana kankare zunubi ko kuma rage shi.[2]

Malamai sun ambaci guri uku da kaffara take wajibi sakamakon karya azumi;

  • Idan mutum ya karya azumi na watan ramadan.
  • Idan mutum ya karya azumi na ramuwaar watan Ramadan,amma idan bayan azzahar ne.
  • Idan mutum ya karya azumin Bakance na wani lokacin ƙayyadajje.[3]

Kuma mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da kalmar kaffara a cikin al'umma da ma'anar Fidya, misali ciyar da gwargwadan Mudu ɗaya [ kilogiram750 an alkama] wannan shi ma ana kiran shi kaffara,[4] duk dacewa wannan Fidya ce, ba kaffara ba. Wannan Fidiyar madadi ce ta azumin watan ramadan ga wanda rashin lafiya ta hanashi yin azumi, da kuma mutumin da ya jinkirta rama azuminShi har wani watan azumin ya kewayo, to irin wannan mutumin dole ne ya bada kaffara ta jinkiri.[5]

Kaffarar Azumi Tana Kan Wanda Ya Sani Da Wanda Bai Sani Ba

Malaman fiƙihu sun tafi kan wajabcin kaffara da ramuwar azumin da ya karya a tare ga duk wanda ya karya azumi da gangan batare da wani uzuri ba a shari'a,[6] kazalika sun ce sharaɗi ne kan wajabcin kaffara ya zama mutum ya sani cewa abin da yake yi yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suke karya azumi,[7] saboda haka wannan hukuncin baya gudana kan jahili [ƙasir shi ne wanda bashi da hanyar da zai san hukunci,[8] da kuma jahilil Muƙassir, shi ne wanda zai iya sani hukunɓci idan ya bincika, amma yaƙi bincikawa,[9] sai dai akwai waɗanda suke ganin shi jahili Muƙassir dole ne ya yi kaffara kuma ya rama azumi, saboda shi kamar wanda ya san hukunci yake, saboda haka dole ne ya yi duka biyun.[10]

Abubuwan Da Suke Karya Azumi Kuma Suna Sa Kaffara

Mawallafin littafin Jawahiri bisa dogaro kan wasu ruwayoyi da abin da yake bayyana daga garesu, yana ganin cewa duk mutuman da ya aikata abubuwan da suke karya azumi, to dolane ya yi ramuwa kuma ya bada kaffara a tare,[9] Sayyid Ku'i ya tafi kan cewa aikata duk abin da yake karya azumin to yana wajabta kaffara, har ƙarya ga Allah da ManzonShi ko kuma yin amai da gangan.[11]

Wasu malaman fiƙihu sun tafi kan cewa karya azumin, ba kodayaushe bane yake wajabta kaffara,[12] kamar yadda Imam Khomaini yake ganin idan mutum ya yi amai da gangan ko kuma ya yi mafarki da dare kuma ya farka daren sau uku, sannan ya koma bacci, sai bai farka ba har aka yi kiran sallar Asuba, to wajibi ne ya rama azumin wannan ranar kaɗai kuma ba bu kaffara a kan shi.[13]

Banbanci Kaffara Idan Mutum Ya Karya Azumi Da Haramin Ko Halal

Wasu daga cikin malamai suna ganin idan mutum ya karya azumin da abin da yake halal, kamar abinci da ruwa, to wajibi ne a kanshi ya rama azumin wannan ranar kuma ya bada ɗaya daga cikin kaffarori nan guda uku.[13] amma idan mutum ya karya azumi da abin da yake haram ne kamar ya yi zina Allah ya kiyayemu ko ya sha giya, to dole ne ya aikata dukkan kaffara guda uku, wanda ake kiranta da kaffarar haɗawa.[14] Amma wasu maraji'ai kan kaffarar Jam'i [Kaffarar haɗawa] sun ce mutum ya yi Ihtiyaɗi na mustahabi, wasu kuma sukace ya yi ihtiyaɗi na wajibi.[15]

Bisa ra'ayi sananne a tsakanin malaman fiƙihu na shi'a kaffarar azumi zata zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwa;

  • Azumin wata biyu a jere, kuma dolane mutum ya yi kwana talatin da ɗaya a jere kafin ya huta.[16]
  • Ciyar da muskini sittin.
  • Ƴanta bawa.[17]

Amma haƙiƙa a wannan lokacin ba bu batun ‘yanta bawa.[18]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ali Al-Mishkini, Mustalahatyl Fiqih, Shafi na 465
  2. ↑ Ali Al-Mishkini, Mustalahatyl Fiqh, Shafi na 465<
  3. ↑ Al-Khu'i, Minhajus Salihin, Juzu'i na 1, Shafi na 269.
  4. ↑ Al-Khamenei, Ajwibatul Istifta'at, Juzu'i na 1, Shafi na 138, Tambaya ta 802
  5. ↑ Al-Sadr, Ma wara Fiqh, Juzu'i na 9, Shafi na 120
  6. ↑ Al-Imam Al-Khomeini, Istifta'at, Juzu'i na 1, Shafi na 330
  7. ↑ "Al-Rouhani, Minhajus Salihin, Juzu'i na 1, Shafi na 355
  8. ↑ Al-Khu'i, Minhajus Salihin, Juzu'i na 1, Shafi na 270
  9. ↑ Al-Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Juzu'i na 16, Shafi na 226
  10. ↑ Al-Khu'i, Mausu'atu Imam Al-Khu'i, Juzu'i na 21, Shafi na 305
  11. ↑ Al-Tabataba'i Al-Yazdi, Al-‘Urwa Al-Wuthqa tare da Sharhi, Juzu'i na 2, Shafi na 38.
  12. ↑ Al-Imam Al-Khomeini, Tauzihul Masa'il, Shafi na 346
  13. ↑ Al-Bahjat, Jami'u Masail, Juzu'i na 2, Shafi na 29
  14. ↑ Al-Bahjat, Jami'u Masail, Juzu'i na 2, Shafi na 29
  15. ↑ Al-Sistani, Tauzihul Masa'il, Shafi na 298-299
  16. ↑ Al-Imam Al-Khomeini, Tauzihul Masa'li, Shafi na 344
  17. ↑ Al-Imam Al-Khomeini, Tauzihul Masa'li, Shafi na 347
  18. ↑ Al-Makarem, Tauzihul Masa'li, Shafi na 253.

Nassoshi

  • Ibn Babawayh, Ali bn Husain, Majmu'atu Fatawa Ibn Babawayh, wanda Abdulrahim al-Burujirdi ya tattara, binciken Ali Banah al-Ishtihardi, Qom, babu bayanin bugu da shekara.
  • Imam Khomeini, Ruhullah, Istifta'at, Qom, Ofishin Bugawar Littattafai na Islami, bugu na 5, 1422H.
  • Imam Khomeini, Ruhullah, Tauzihul Masa'il, binciken Muslim Quli Pur Gilani, Qom, Cibiyar Kula da Wallafa Ayyukan Imam Khomeini, bugu na 1, 1426H.
  • Bahjat, Muhammad Taqi, Jami'ul Masail, Qom, Ofishin Ayatullah Bahjat, bugu na 2, 1426H.
  • Khu’i, Abu al-Qasim, Mausu'atul Imam Khu’i, Qom, Cibiyar Raya Ayyukan Imam Khu’i, bugu na 1, 1418H.
  • Khu’i, Abu al-Qasim, Minhaj as-Salihin, Qom, Nashr Madinatul Ilm, bugu na 28, 1410H.
  • Ruhani, Sadiq, Minhaj as-Salihin, babu bayanin bugu da wuri.
  • Sayyid Sistani, Ali, Bayani kan Masail, Mashhad, Ofishin Ayatullah Sistani, 1393 Hijira Shamsiyya.
  • Sayyid Sistani, Ali, Minhaj as-Salihin, Ofishin Ayatullah Sistani, Qom, bugu na 5, 1417H.
  • Sadr, Muhammad, Ma Wara' al-Fiqh, binciken Ja'far Hadi Dijili, Beirut, Dar al-Adwa', 1420H.
  • Tabataba'i al-Yazdi, Muhammad Kazim, Al-'Urwatul Wuthqa tare da Sharhi, sharhin Imam Khomeini, Sayyid Khu'i, Sayyid Gulpaigani, Sheikh Makarem Shirazi, Qom, Makarantar Imam Ali bn Abi Talib, bugu na 1, 1428H.
  • Mashkini, Ali, Mustalahat Fiqh, babu bayanin bugu da wuri, 1419H.
  • Makarem Shirazi, Nasir, Risalat Bayani kan Masail, Qom, Makarantar Imam Ali bn Abi Talib, bugu na 52, 1429H.
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i' al-Islam, binciken Abbas Qawjani da Ali Akhundi, Beirut, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi, bugu na 7, 1404H.
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