Fadak

Daga wikishia
(an turo daga Gonar Fadak)
Ƙasidar Fadak ƙasida ce da take da alaƙa da ƙasidun waƙi'ar fadak, huɗubar fadak da hiɗanul sab'a.
A kewayen unguwar Fadak dake arewacin Madina

Fadak (Larabci: فدك) wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙauye ne da Allah ya abarkace shi da filayen noma da yake kusa da khaibar, wannan wuri ya kasance a yanki hijaz wurin da yahudawa suka kasance suna rayuwa a wurin, a lokacin yaƙin khaibar ya faɗa hannun musulmi ba tare da gwabza yaƙi ba, bayan saukar ayar وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْ‌بَیٰ حَقَّهُ؛ (ka baiwa ma'abota kusance haƙƙinsu) sai Annabi ya yi kyautar wannan wuri ga ƴarsa Faɗima (S).

Bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W), an samu faruwar jayayya tsakanin halifa na farko da Faɗima (S) kan haƙƙin mallakar gonar fadak, al'amari da aka sani da sunan waƙi'ar fadak, Abubakar ya kwace fadak tare da mai da cikin baitulmali, wanda hakan ya haifar nuna rashin amincewar Faɗima (S), a lokacin gwamnatocin bani umayya da abbasiyawa ta ci gaba da zama a hannun sarakunansu, na'am a daurorin zamanin wasu sarakuna umayyawa da abbasiyawa an maido da wannan wuri hannun jikokin Faɗima, duk da cewa daga baya an sake kwacewa.

Fadak wuri ne da yake cikin garin ha'il a ƙasar saudiya, an fi sanin wannan wuri da suna "Wadi Faɗima" haka kuma sakamakon tarin bishiyoyin dabino a ciki ana kiran wuri da sunan "Bustan Faɗima", haka kuma akwai masallaci da rijiyoyi a wannan wuri waɗanda suka shahara da sunan "Masjidu Faɗima" da kuma "Uyun Faɗima"

Hoton lambunan yankin Fadak

Wurin Da Fadak Ta Kasance Da Muhimmancita A Tarihi

Fadak wani gari ne a yankin hijaz[1] yana da nisan kilomita 200 tsakaninsa da madina.[2] wannan wuri a farkon muslunci ya kasance matsugunin yahudawa[3] a lokacin yaƙin khaibar ba tare da gwabza yaƙi da zubar da jini sai ya faɗa hannun musulmi.[4] sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi kyautar wannan waje ga ƴarsa Faɗima.[5] jayayya da rigima kan haƙƙin mallakar fadak da ya faru a bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W) ya kasance sababin faɗaɗuwar bahasosi kan wannan batu daga ɓangaren shi'a da ahlus-sunna tare da samun tarin rubuce-rubuce.[6] an rubuta litattafai masu cin gashin kansu kan wannan maudu'i.[7] haka nan a daurori daban-daban ya haifar ɗaukar matakai daga ɓangaren sarakunan wancan zamani.[8]

Ƙima Da Darajar Da Yankin Fadak

Yankin fadak a farkon musluncin ya kasance lambuna da gonakin dabino masu tarin yawa.[9] Ibn Abil Al-hadid mu'utazili (Wafati:656.h.ƙ) ya naƙalto daga wurin ɗaya daga malaman shi'a daraja da ƙimar bishiyoyin dabino da suke fadak daidai yake da gonakin dabinon garin kufa a wancan zamanin, wanda kufa ya kasance cikin garuruwa da aka albarkace su da amfanin bishiyoyin dabino masu yawan gaske,[10] bisa abin da ya zo a madogarai, yahudawa sun cigaba da zama a fadak har zuwa lokacin halifancin halifa na biyu, bayan zuwansa ne ya tilasta musu ta shi daga wurin.[11] an naƙalto cewa lokacin da Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab ya kori yahudawa da yankunan hijaz, ya basu dirhami dubu hamsin kusan ƙimar rabin kuɗin garin fadak ɗin a wancan lokaci.[12] cikin madogarai ya zo cewa ribar da aka samu daga gonakin fadak a duk shekara a zamanin Annabi (S.A.W) ana ƙaddara cewa ya kai dinare dubu ashirin da huɗu[13] zuwa dinare dubu saba'in.[14]

Karɓe Ikon Fadak Da Musulmi Suka Yi

Bayan Annabi (S.A.W) ya ci nasara a yaƙin khaibar da shingen garin, sai yahudawa da suke zaune a yankin fadak suka aiko da wakilansu wurin Annabi (S.A.W) suka ƙulla sulhu da shi, aka yi yarjejeniya za su bada rabin garuruwansu ba tare da gwabza yaƙi da zubar da jini ba, da wannan dalili ne fadak ta faɗa hannun musulmi salin alin cikin ruwan sanyi ba tare da kashe ko da sauro ba.[15] bisa ayar fai'u [Tsokaci 1] dukiyar da aka samu ba tare da gwabza yaƙi ba ana kiranta da fai'u, sannan Annabi (S.A.W) yana da iko da zaɓi ya yi kyautar wannan dukiya ga wanda yake gani sun dace,[16] bisa abin da madogaran shi'a[17] da ahlus-sunna[18] suka naƙalto, tare da saukar aya ta 26 suratul isra'i wacce take kur'ani da bayar da (وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْ‌بَیٰ حَقَّهُ) haƙƙin ma'abota kusanci.[19] Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi kyautar fadak ga Faɗima.

Jayayya Kan Haƙƙin Mallakar Fadak

Tushen ƙasida: Waƙi'ar Fadak da Mu Taron Annabawa Ba A Gadon mu

Bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W) an samu afkuwar jayya kan haƙƙin mallakar fadak, cikin wannan rigima ne Abubakar ya karɓe gonar fadak daga hannun Faɗima (S).[20] dalili da Abubakar ya kawo shi ne cewa su Annabawa ba sa barin gado, ya kuma yi da'awar cewa ya ji wannan magana ne daga Annabi (S.A.W).[21]

Cikin huɗubar fadak Faɗima (S) ta bayyana cewa wannan magana da Abubakar ya yi haƙiƙa ta saɓa da kur'ani,[22] ta kuma kawo Imam Ali (A.S) da Ummu Aimana matsayin shaidunta kan cewa Annabi (S.A.W) tun kafin wafatinsa ya mata kyautar fadak.[23] da farko Abubakar ya karɓa ya yarda harma ya ɗauki takarda ya rubuta umarni ka da wanda ya taɓa fadak. Lokacin da Faɗima (S) ta fito daga wurin Abubakar ne sai Umar ya kwace wannan takarda ya yayyaga ta.[24]

Sakamakon rashin nasara kan neman dawo da haƙƙin Imam Ali (A.S) sai Faɗima (S) ta tafi masallaci ta yi huɗuba wace tafi shahara da suna huɗubar fadak.[25] Fadak, a daurorin zamanin mulkin umayyawa da abbasiyawa ta ci gaba da kasancewa hannun sarakuna, na'am wasu ba'arin sarakuna misalin Umar ɗan Abdul-aziz umawi,[26] Saffahu,[27] Mamun abbasi,[28] sun dawo da fadak hannun jikokin Faɗima (S). sarki Mutawakkil abbasi wanda ya yi mulki tsakanin shekaru 232-247 ya ƙara kwace gonar fadak daga hannun jikokon Faɗima (S).[29]

Wasu Kufaifayin Fadak Da Suka Rage

Fadak ta kasance cikin jihar ha'il da take ƙasar saudiya, cikin wannan yanki an samar da wani gari da ake kira da suna "Al-ha'iɗ".[30] yankin fadak an fi saninsa da sunan "Wadi Faɗima" sakamakon bishiyoyin dabino masu tarin yawa da yake da su ana kiransa da sunan "Bustan Faɗima". Haka kuma a wannan wuri akwai masallaci da rijiyoyin ruwa, ana kiran wannan masallaci da suna "Masjid Faɗima" rijoyoyin kuma : "Uyun Faɗima".[31] gidaje da benaye wannan wuri duk sun lalace, sannan mafi yawan bishiyoyin duk sun bushe.[32] a shekarar 2008 miladi Akbar Hashim Rafsanjani ɗaya daga cikin shuwagabannin jamhuriyar muslunci ta Iran tare da rakiyar wasu ayar ya kai ziyara gani da ido wannan yanki na fadak.[33]

Nazari

Ba'arin litattafan da aka wallafa game da fadak sun kasance kamar haka:

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Yaqut Hamavi, Muajam Al-Baldan , 1995, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 238.
  2. ↑ [https://www.google.com/maps/dir/24.5338818,39.6927797/Fadak,+Al+Hait+Saudi+Arabia/@24.7029419,39.4476298,9.71z/data=!4m9!4m8!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x1598e61c1403b5e7:0xa8b61eb1098da93e!2m2!1d40.4758186!2d25.979293
  3. ↑ Bladi, Ma'alim al-Hijaz, 1431, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 205 da juzu'i na 7, shafi na 23.
  4. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, 1387 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 15.
  5. ↑ Siyuti, Durrul al-Manthor, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 273.
  6. ↑ Misali, duba Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 124-125; Sobhani, Forough Velayat, 1380, shafi na 219; Tabarsi, Al-Ihtjaj, 1403 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 107, 108; Fakhr Razi, Mofatih al-Ghaib, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 506; Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharhin Nahj al-Balagha, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 284; Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, 1422H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 79.
  7. ↑ Misali, duba Sadr, Fadak Fi al-Tarikh, 1415H; Hosseini Milani, Fadak dar firaz wa nashib, 2006; Hosni, Fadak wa baztabe tarikhi wa siyasi, 1372.
  8. ↑ Ibn Asaker, Tarikh Madinati Dimashku, 1415 AH, Juzu'i na 45, shafi na 178, 179; Balazri, Fatuh al-Baldan, 1956, shafi na 37, 38, 41; Allameh Hilli, Nahj al-Haq, 1982, shafi na 357.
  9. ↑ Yaqut Hamavi, Majam Al-Baldan, 1995, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 238.
  10. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 236.
  11. ↑ Marjani, Behja Al-Nufos, 2002, juzu'i na 1, shafi.438.
  12. ↑ Johari Basri, Al-Saqifah da Fadak, 1401H, shafi na 98.
  13. ↑ Qutb Rawandi, Al-Kharaj wa Al-Jaraih, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 113.
  14. ↑ Ibn Tawoos, Kashf al-Muhaja, 1370 AH, shafi na 124.
  15. ↑ Moghrizi, Imtaa al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 325.
  16. ↑ Fakhr Razi, Mofatih al-Ghaib, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 506; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 203.
  17. ↑ Misali, duba Ayashi, Tafsirin Ayashi, 1380 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi.287; Kufi, Tafsirin Furat, 1410 AH, shafi 239, h. Qomi, Tafsirin Qomi, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 18; Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 8, shafi.478
  18. ↑ Duba Siyuti, Al-durrul Al-Manthor, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 273; Motaghi Handi, Kanz al-Amal, 1401 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 767; Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 216; Kundozi, Yanabi Al-Muwadda, 1422 AH, shafi na 138 da 359.
  19. ↑ Suratul Isra, aya ta 26.
  20. ↑ Sheikh Mofid, al-Maqnaa, 1410 AH, shafi na 289 da 290.
  21. ↑ Balazri, Fatuh al-Baldan, 1956, shafi na 40 da 41.
  22. ↑ Tabarsi, al-Ihtjaj, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 102.
  23. ↑ Halabi, Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, 1971, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 512.
  24. ↑ Halabi, Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, 1971, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 512.
  25. ↑ Erbali, Kashf al-Ghumma, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 353-364.
  26. ↑ Ibn Asaker, Tarikh Madinati Dimashk, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 45, shafi na 178 da 179; Balazri, Fatuh al-Baldan, 1956, shafi na 41.
  27. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nahj al-Haq, 1982, shafi na 357.
  28. ↑ Balazri, Fatuh al-Baldan, 1956, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 37 da 38.
  29. ↑ Balazri, Fatuh al-Baldan, 1956, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 38.
  30. ↑ Jafar, Asare Islami Makkah wa Madina, 1384H, shafi na 396.
  31. ↑ Majlesi Kopai, Fadak az Gasbe ta Takrib, 2008, shafi na 248 da 250.
  32. ↑ Majlesi Kopai, Fadak az Gasbe ta Takrib, 2008, shafi na 281
  33. ↑ majlesi Kopai, Fadak az Gasbe ta Takrib, 2008, shafi na286-0-28
  34. ↑ «دغدغه فاطمه(س) نجات میراث نبوت بود/ نگاهی تاریخی به خطبه فاطمی»، خبرگزاری مهر.
  35. ↑ Debirkhana Kitab Sal Velayat, Pejawak Haqq, 1386 AH, shafi 89-95.
  36. ↑ Karshen labarin Majlis Kobaei, Fadak, az gasabe ta takrib, 1388 AH, shafi na Shenasnameh, littafi.
  37. ↑ Majlis Kobaei, Fadak, az gasabe ta takrib, 1388H, shafi na 247.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ «مَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ رَ‌سُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَ‌ىٰ فَلِلَّـهِ وَلِلرَّ‌سُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْ‌بَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّ‌سُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّـهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ

Nassoshi

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Jafarian, Rasul, Asare Islami Makka wa Madina, Tehran, Mashaar, bugu na uku, 2004.

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