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Daƙiƙa:Yin Tsadar Kaya

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia

Yin tsadar kaya na nufin sayar da kaya ko ba da wani sabis a farashin da ya wuce farashin da aka ƙayyade,[1] ko kuma karɓar kuɗi fiye da yadda aka saba ko abin da ya dace bisa adalci.[2] Haka kuma, duk wani mataki da yake jawo wa mai saya ƙarin kuɗin da bai dace ba ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yin tsadar kaya.[3]

A cikin fiƙihun Musulunci, ana tattauna yin tsadar kaya a ƙarƙashin batun gabnu (Yaudara ta fuskar farashi) da kuma haƙƙin soke ciniki sakamakon hakan.[4] Bisa wannan, idan mai sayarwa ya sayar da kaya a farashin da ya fi ainihin ƙimarsa, alhali mai saya bai san ainihin farashin ba, to gabnu ya tabbata, kuma mai saya yana da haƙƙin soke cinikin.[5]

A cikin ruwayoyi, an yi kakkausar suka ga yin tsadar kaya. An ruwaito daga Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) cewa jawo tsadar kaya a kasuwar Musulmi yana sa mutum ya cancanci azabar Allah.[6] Haka kuma, wasu ruwayoyi sun bayyana cewa sauƙin farashi alama ce ta yardar Allah, yayin da tsadar kaya alama ce ta fushinSa.[7] A wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ma, an bayyana samun ribar da ta wuce ƙima a matsayin abin ƙi.[8]

Malaman fiƙihu sun bambanta ra'ayi game da hukuncin yin tsadar kaya. Wasu, bisa dogaro da wasu ruwayoyi, musamman hadisin:«غَبْنُ المُسْتَرْسِلِ سُحْتٌ» "Kuɗin da aka samu ta hanyar yaudarar wanda ya amince da mai sayarwa haramun ne."[9]

sun ce yin tsadar kaya haramun ne.[10]

A cewar Faizul Kashani, mustarsil shi ne mutumin da yake dogara ga mai sayarwa wajen tantance farashi.[11] Saboda haka, yaudarar irin wannan mutum wani nau'i ne na gabnu,[12] kuma cinikin da ya ginu a kan irin wannan yaudara haramun ne kuma ba ingantacce ba ne.[13]

A gefe guda kuma, wasu malaman fiƙihu sun ɗauki cewa asalin cinikin ingantacce ne, amma wanda aka cuce shi yana da haƙƙin soke cinikin.[14]

Imam Khomaini[15] da Sayyid Ali Khamna'i[16] sun bayyana cewa yin tsadar kaya bai halatta ba idan yana ƙunshe da zaluntar mai saya ko kuma ya saɓa wa dokokin gwamnatin Musulunci.

Sayyid Ali Sistani ya ce idan bai saɓa wa al'ada da ƙa'idoji ba, yana iya halatta ta fuskar fiƙihu, amma ta fuskar ɗabi'a abin ƙi ne.[17]

Nasir Makarim Shirazi kuma yana ganin cewa adadin riba ya dogara ne da yardar ɓangarorin biyu, sai dai idan hukumomi sun ƙayyade farashin kaya ko sabis.[18]

Safi GulFaigani ma yana ganin ingancin ciniki ya ta'allaka ne da yardar mai saya da mai sayarwa; amma idan gabnu ya tabbata, mai saya yana da haƙƙin soke cinikin.[19]

A cikin ilimin Kalam, ana tattauna batun tsada da sauƙin farashi a ƙarƙashin bahasin Is'ar (ƙayyade farashi), ta fuskar ko Allah ne tushensa ko kuma mutane ne suke haddasa shi.[20] Ash'ariyawa, bisa ra'ayinsu cewa dukkan ayyukan bayi halittun Allah ne, sun jingina tsada da sauƙin farashi ga Allah.[21] Amma malaman Kalam na Shi'a suna ganin cewa idan tsadar kaya ta samo asali ne daga ayyukan mutane, to alhakin hakan yana kansu ne.[22]

An kuma bayyana yin tsadar kaya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suke ƙara tsananta rayuwar masu ƙaramin ƙarfi a cikin al'umma.[23] Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, Jagoran Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na biyu a Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ya bayyana yin tsadar kaya a matsayin zalunci, kuma ya ce yaƙi da shi yaƙi ne da zalunci.[24]

A tsarin dokokin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran kuwa, an bayyana ma'anar yin tsadar kaya tare da ɗaukarsa a matsayin laifi a cikin Dokar Ta'azirori ta Gwamnati (wadda aka amince da ita a shekara ta 1367Sh) daidai da 1988 M.[25] da kuma Dokar Tsarin Kasuwanci (wadda aka amince da ita a shekara ta 1392Sh) wanda ya zo daidai da 2013 M, inda aka tanadi hukuncin da ya dace ga masu aikata hakan.[26]

A dokokin Najeriya, ƙara farashin kaya ba haramun ba ne gaba ɗaya, domin farashi yana canzawa bisa yanayin kasuwa. Amma doka ta hana ƙara farashi ta hanyar zalunci, yaudara, boye kaya domin jawo ƙaranci, ko haɗa kai wajen ɗaga farashi.

Dokar Kare Haƙƙin Masu Amfani ta Najeriya (FCCPA, 2018) tana kare masu saye daga ayyukan kasuwanci marasa adalci, kuma hukumar FCCPC tana da ikon bincike da ɗaukar mataki idan ‘yan kasuwa suka yi amfani da jama’a.

A jihohin Arewa masu amfani da Shari’ar Musulunci, wannan batu yana da alaƙa da ka’idojin fikihu kamar hana zalunci (darar), hana yaudara (ghish), da hana tara kaya domin ƙara farashi (ihtikar). Don haka, Musulunci ya amince da riba, amma ya hana cin moriyar wahalar jama’a ta hanyar tsadar kaya marar adalci.[27]

Batutuwa Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Qanun-e Ta'azirat-e Hukumati, sashe na 2.
  2. ↑ Haƙiƙi, «Dar Varaye Garanfurushi wa Ihtikar», shafi na 25.
  3. ↑ Qanun-e Ta'azirat-e Hukumati, (Musawwab 1367 Sh.), sashe na 2.
  4. ↑ Hilli, Tabsirat Al-Muta'allimin, shafi na 123; Khomaini, Tahrir Al-Wasila, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 522.
  5. ↑ Shaik Ansari, Kitab Al-Makasib, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 157.
  6. ↑ Nishapuri, Al-Mustadrak Ala Al-Sahihaini, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 15.
  7. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 162.
  8. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 48–50.
  9. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 24.
  10. ↑ Faizul Kashani, Al-Wafi, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 456.
  11. ↑ Faizul Kashani, Al-Wafi, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 456.
  12. ↑ Faizul Kashani, Al-Wafi, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 456.
  13. ↑ Faizul Kashani, Al-Wafi, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 456.
  14. ↑ Faizul Kashani, Al-Wafi, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 457.
  15. ↑ Khomaini, Istifta'at, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 62; Imam Khomaini, Sahifa-ye Nur, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 510.
  16. ↑ «استفتائات جدید»،Gidan yanar gizon ofishin Jagoran Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.
  17. ↑ «آیا گران‌فروشی حرام است؟»، Tashar yanar gizon Hedana."
  18. ↑ «معامله سلف»، Gidan yanar gizon Ayatullahi Makarim Shirazi.
  19. ↑ «فتوای آیت‌الله صافی گلپایگانی درباره فروش اجناس به قیمت روز و گران‌تر از قیمت اولیه»،Tashar yanar gizon Shi'a News.
  20. ↑ Hilli, Kashf Al-Murad, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 342.
  21. ↑ Taftazani, Sharh Al-Maqasid, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 320.
  22. ↑ Hilli, Kashf Al-Murad, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 342.
  23. ↑ «ریشه گران‌فروشی کجاست؟/ تاملی بر یکی از جدی‌ترین چالش‌های اقتصادی»،Shafin yanar gizon Ƙungiyar Matasa Masu Aikin Jarida..
  24. ↑ «پیام به رئیس‌ جمهور در خصوص مبارزه‌ با گران‌فروشی»،Gidan yanar gizon ofishin yaɗa bayanan Ayatullahi Khamna'i.
  25. ↑ Qanun-e Ta'azirat-e Hukumati, (Musawwab 1367 Sh)., sashe na 2.
  26. ↑ Qanun-e Nezam-e Senfi-ye Keshvar, (Musawwab 1392 Sh)., sashe na 57.
  27. ↑ Officialwebsiteofnigeriangoverment:https://fccpc.gov.ng/fccpc-takes-action-to-address-rising-prices-and-protect-consumers/

Nassoshi

  • Qanun-e Nezam-e Senfi-ye Keshvar, wanda aka amince da shi a shekarar 1392Sh., sashe na 57.
  • Qanun-e Ta'zirat-e Hukumati, wanda aka amince da shi a shekarar 1367Sh., sashe na 2.
  • Fayzul Kashani, Al-Wafi, Isfahan, Makarantar Imam Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (Alaihis-Salam), 1406H.
  • Haƙiƙi, Majid, Dar Varaye Garanfurushi wa Ihtikar, (Game da Haramcin Tsadar Farashi da Boye Kaya Domin Tada Farashi.) mujallar Gozarish, lamba ta 47, watan Dey 1373Sh/994–1995 Miladiyy.
  • Hilli, Hassan bn Yusuf, Kashf al-Murad fi Sharh Tajrid al-I'tiqad, Qum, Cibiyar al-Nashr al-Islami, 1413H.
  • Hilli, Hassan bn Yusuf, Tabsirat al-Muta'allimin, Tehran, Wallafe-wallafen Faqih, bugu na farko, 1368Sh.
  • Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullahi, Istifta'at, Qum, Kungiyar malaman Hauza Ilmiyya ta Qum, bugu na farko, 1372Sh.
  • Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullahi, Sahifa-ye Nur, Qum, Cibiyar Tsari da Yaɗa Ayyukan Imam Khomaini, 1378Sh.
  • Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullahi, Tahrir al-Wasilah, Najaf, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1390H.
  • Kulaini, Muhammad bn Ya'qub, Al-Kafi, Qum, Mawallafar Dar al-Hadith, 1430H.
  • Nishaburi, Abu Abdullahi Al-Hakim, Al-Mustadrak Ala al-Sahihain, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, bugu na farko, 1411H.
  • Taftazani, Sa'aduddin, Sharh al-Maqasid, Qum, al-Sharif al-Radi, bugu na farko, 1409H.
  • Ansari, Shaik Murtada, Kitab al-Makasib, Qum, Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami, 1415H.
  • Iji, Sayyid Mir Sharif, Sharh al-Mawaqif, Qum, al-Sharif al-Radi, bugu na farko, 1325H.
  • Officialwebsiteofnigeriangoverment:https://fccpc.gov.ng/fccpc-takes-action-to-address-rising-prices-and-protect-consumers/?Ranar shigarwa April 17, 2024, ranar ziyara April 17, 2024
  • «فتوای آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی درباره فروش اجناس به قیمت روز و گران‌تر از قیمت اولیه»، (Fatwar Ayatullahi Safi Golfaigani game da sayar da kaya da farashin da ake da shi a wannan rana, ko fiye da farashin farko da aka saya.), Shafin yanar gizon Shi'a News, ranar wallafa bayani: 29 ga Agusta, 2013; ranar duba shafin: 6 ga Nuwamba, 2020M.
  • «ریشه گران‌فروشی کجاست؟/ تاملی بر یکی از جدی‌ترین چالش‌های اقتصادی»، (Asalin yin tsadar kaya yana ina? / Tunani kan ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen tattalin arziki), Shafin yanar gizon Ƙungiyar Matasa Masu Aikin Jarida, ranar wallafa bayani: 29 ga Satumba, 2017; ranar duba shafin: 16 ga Nuwamba, 2020.M
  • «آیا گران‌فروشی حرام است؟»، (Shin yin tsadar kaya ya haramta?), Shafin yanar gizon Hedana, ranar wallafa bayani: 8 ga Afrilu, 2017; ranar duba shafin: 6 ga Nuwamba, 2020M.
  • «معامله سلف»، (Kasuwancin Salaf), Tashar yaɗa bayanai ta Ayatullahi Makarim Shirazi, ranar duba shafin: 6 ga Nuwamba, 2020M.
  • «پیام به رئیس‌ جمهور در خصوص مبارزه‌ با گران‌فروشی»، (Saƙon shugaban ƙasa kan yaƙar halayyar yin tsadar kaya), Shafin khamenei.ir, ranar wallafa bayani: 7 ga Oktoba, 1994; ranar duba shafin: 6 ga Nuwamba, 2020M.
  • «استفتائات جدید»، (Sabbin Fatawowi), Shafin sadarwa na ofishin bayani ko Gidan yanar gizon, ranar wallafa bayani: 30 ga Satumba, 2018; ranar duba shafin: 6 ga Nuwamba, 2020M.
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