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Daƙiƙa:Wasan Dara

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Wasan dara ko (Shataranj) wasa ne na tunani da mutane biyu ke bugawa. A cikin fiƙihu, an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kayan caca, kuma ana ganin matsayin haramun. Sai dai Sayyid Ahmad Khunsari da Imam Khomaini sun ɗaure haramcin sa da kasancewar akwai yin fare a cikinsa. A wasu ruwayoyin tafsiri, an ɗauki aya ta 219 ta Suratul Baƙara da ayoyi na 90 da 91 na Suratul Ma'ida a matsayin masu nuna haramcin wasan dara. Haka kuma an ruwaito hadisai na musamman daga Ma'asumai game da haramcin wasan dara, kuma a cikin littattafan ruwayoyi akwai babi na musammam da aka ware domin tattara hadisai masu alaƙa da nard (Ludo) da wasan dara.

A cewar mawallafin Jawahir, malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun yi ittifaki cewa yin wasan dara haramun ne, saboda ana ɗaukarsa daga cikin kayan caca. Sai dai Sayyid Ahmad Khunsari ya ce wasan dara ba ya zama haramun sai idan akwai yin fare. Haka kuma Imam Khomaini, a amsar wata tambayar fiƙihu, bisa la'akari da tasirin lokaci da wuri a ijtihadi, ya bayyana cewa yin wasan dara da saye da sayar da shi ya halatta idan ba a ɗaukarsa a matsayin kayan caca, sai dai a matsayin wani nau'in motsa jiki ko wasanni.

Bayanin Maudu'i

Wasan dara yana daga cikin tsofaffin wasannin tunani da aka fi sani. Wasa ne na mutane biyu da ake bugawa a kan allo ko faranti mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyi 32 masu launuka biyu daban-daban, kuma ya yaɗu a yankuna da dama na duniya.[1]

An ce Indiyawa ne suka ƙirƙiri wasan dara, daga nan ya wuce zuwa Iran, sannan ya shiga duniyar Musulunci, daga baya kuma ya isa Turai.[2] A rabin na biyu na ƙarni na 19 Miladiyya aka fara gasannin duniya na wasan dara, sannan a ƙarni na 20 aka amince da shi a matsayin wani nau'in wasanni, kuma aka kafa ƙungiyar kula da wasan dara ta duniya.[3]

Matsayinsa A Addini

A cikin aya ta 219 ta Suratul Baƙara da ayoyi na 90 da 91 na Suratul Ma'ida, an yi hani daga maisir wato caca.[4] A wasu ruwayoyi an bayyana cewa wasan dara yana daga cikin abubuwan da suka shiga ƙarƙashin wannan hukunci.[5] Ruwayoyin da suka shafi wannan batu an tattara su a wani babi na musamman mai taken "Nard da Shatranj" a cikin littattafan hadisai na Shi'a.[6]

An ruwaito hadisai masu yawa da suka kai matsayin hadis mustafiz[7] da suke nuna haramcin wasan dara,[8] kuma a wasu daga cikin waɗannan ruwayoyi an yi hani kai tsaye game da yin wasan dara.[9]

A wasu ruwayoyi kuma an kawo kalamai masu tsanani wajen zargin wasan dara. Misali, an ruwaito cewa yin wasan dara an bayyana shi a matsayin shirka, gaisawa da mai yin wasan an kira shi babban zunubi mai jawo dawwama a Jahannama, taɓa shi kuma an kwatanta shi da taɓa naman alade, sannan aka ce mats

ayin mai yin wasan yana cikin Jahannama.[10]

Hukuncin Fiƙihu

Malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun bayyana ra'ayoyinsu game da hukuncin yin wasan dara da kuma saye da sayar da shi bisa dogaro da ruwayoyin da aka ruwaito daga Ma'asumai.

Yin Wasan Dara

Mawallafin Jawahir (1202–1266H), wanda yake daga cikin malaman fiƙihun Shi'a na ƙarni na 13 bayan Hijira, ya bayyana cewa malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun yi ittifaki cewa yin wasan dara haram ne, saboda ana ɗaukarsa daga cikin kayan caca.[11]

Sai dai Sayyid Ahmad Khunsari (1309–1405H), malamin fiƙihun Shi'a na ƙarni na 14 bayan Hijira, yana ganin cewa wasan dara yana zama haram ne ne kawai idan yana tare da cin nasara da asara ta kuɗi ko wani abu mai daraja; amma idan babu haka, yana halatta.[12]

Imam Khomaini (1281–1368sh), marja'in Shi'a kuma jagoran Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, a farkon ra'ayinsa a cikin littafin Al-Makasib Al-Muharrama, ya yi hukunci irin na sauran malaman Shi'a cewa yin wasan dara da saye da sayar da shi haram ne.[13] Amma a ƙarshen rayuwarsa,[14] bisa bayyana muhimmancin tasirin lokaci da wuri a ijtihadi,[15] ya bayyana a amsar wata tambayar fiƙihu cewa yin wasan dara da saye da sayar da shi ya halatta idan a zamanin yau ana kallonsa a matsayin wasan tunani, ba kayan caca ba, kuma babu cin nasara ko asarar kuɗi.[16]

A kan wannan fahimta, Sayyid Ali Khamna'i da Nasir Makarim Shirazi, daga cikin malaman fiƙihun Shi'a na ƙarni na 15 bayan Hijira, suna ganin cewa idan a fahimtar jama'a ba a ɗaukar wasan dara a matsayin kayan caca, sai dai a matsayin wasan tunani, to yin sa ba tare da fare ba ya halatta.[17]

Sai dai Sayyid Ali Sistani yana ganin cewa yin wasan dara haram ne, ko da kuwa akwai fare ko babu fare.[18]

Saye da Sayar da Wasan Dara

Malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun yi ittifaki kan haramcin saye da sayar da kayan caca,[19] kuma sun ɗauki wasan dara a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kayan caca.[20]

Sun yi amfani da hadisai wajen tabbatar da haramcin saye da sayar da wasan dara, musamman ruwayoyin da suka bayyana cewa dara yana daga cikin kayan caca,[21] da kuma ruwayoyin da suka ambaci haramcin saye da sayar da shi kai tsaye.[22]

Baya ga hadisai, malaman fiƙihu sun kuma dogara da hujjoji kamar ijma'i da matafiyar Musulmi wajen tabbatar da haramcin saye da sayar da wasan dara.[23]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Musawi Sadati da Rostami, Darsnamen Shatranj-e Daneshgah, shafi na 8.
  2. ↑ Musawi Sadati da Rostami, Darsnamen Shatranj-e Daneshgah, shafi na 8.
  3. ↑ Musawi Sadati da Rostami, Darsnamen Shatranj-e Daneshgah, shafi na 8.
  4. ↑ Suratul Bakara, aya ta 219; Suratul Ma'ida, ayoyi na 90–91.
  5. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 435.
  6. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 435; Sabzawari, Jami'ul Akhbar, shafuffuka na 431–432.
  7. ↑ Raja'i, Al-Masa'ilul Fiqhiyya, shafi na 239.
  8. ↑ Tabataba'i, Riyadul Masa'il, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 262.
  9. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 17, shafuffuka na 321–323; Tabataba'i, Riyadul Masa'il, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 262; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 41, shafuffuka na 43–44; Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 43.
  10. ↑ Hurr Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 323.
  11. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 41, shafi na 43.
  12. ↑ Khunsari, Jami'ul Madarik, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 27.
  13. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Al-Makasibul Muharrama, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 362; da juzu'i na 2, shafi na 18.
  14. ↑ Qazi Zadeh, "Imam Khomaini wa Fiqahat-e Mabtani bar Onsor-e Zaman wa Makan", shafuffuka na 168–169.
  15. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Sahife Imam, juzu'i na 21, shafuffuka na 15–151; Qazi Zadeh, "Imam Khomaini wa Fiqahat-e Mabtani bar Onsor-e Zaman wa Makan", shafuffuka na 147, 169.
  16. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Tawdihul Masa'il (Imam wa Maraji'), juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 932, 960.
  17. ↑ Khamna'i, "Shatranj", shafin yada labarai na ofishin Jagoran Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci; Makarim Shirazi, Istitfta'at Jadida, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 157.
  18. ↑ Sistani, "Tawdihul Masa'il-e Jame: Shatranj wa Sa'ir Wasa'il-e Qimar", shafin hukuma na ofishin babban malamin addini Sayyid Ali Husaini Sistani.
  19. ↑ Shaik Ansari, Kitabul Makasib, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 116; Subhani, Al-Mawahib fi Tahrir Ahkamil Makasib, juzu'i? shafi na 254.
  20. ↑ Shaik Ansari, Kitabul Makasib, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 116; Subhani, Al-Mawahib fi Tahrir Ahkamil Makasib, 1416H, shafi na 254.
  21. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 321; Subhani, Al-Mawahib fi Tahrir Ahkamil Makasib,, shafi na 255.
  22. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 323; Subhani, Al-Mawahib fi Tahrir Ahkamil Makasib, 1416H, shafi na 255.
  23. ↑ Subhani, Al-Mawahib fi Tahrir Ahkamil Makasib, 1416H, shafi na 254.

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