Daƙiƙa:Rigar Usman
Rigar Usman ana nufin rigar Usman Bin Affan da aka jiƙa da jini bayan kashe shi a shekara ta 35H. Wannan riga ta zama alama ta neman ɗaukar fansar jinin Usman, kuma misali ce ta yadda Mu'awiya Bin Abi Sufyan ya yi amfani da kisan Usman ta fuskar siyasa[1] domin samun mulki.[2]
A cewar majiyoyin tarihi, bayan kashe Usman, Amru Bin Asi ya ba Mu'awiya shawara cewa ya yi amfani da wannan lamari wajen kiran mutanen Sham zuwa neman fansar jinin Usman, ya kuma jingina alhakin kashe shi ga Ali Bin Abi Ɗalib (A.S),[3] sannan ya yi yaƙi da shi tare da taimakon mutanen Sham.[4]Masana tarihi sun bayyana cewa Nu'uman Bin Bashir ya kai rigar Usman mai jini tare da yatsun da aka sare na Na'ila, matar Usman, wadda ta ji rauni a lokacin da take kare shi, zuwa Sham. Mu'awiya ya rataye su a saman mimbari,[5] kuma rigar Usman ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan mimbari kusan shekara guda. Bisa ga rahotanni, wannan mataki ya sa mutanen Sham suka yi zaman makoki, ya yaɗa taken neman fansar Usman, kuma ya tayar da hankulan jama'a.[6] Ibn Kasir, masanin tarihin Ahlus-Sunna, shi ma ya ruwaito cewa Mu'awiya da wasu daga cikin Sahabbai da Tabi'ai sun yi amfani da wannan lamari wajen ƙarfafa mutane su nemi fansar jinin Usman.[7]
A cewar masana tarihi, lokacin da wasu mutane suka kira Mu'awiya zuwa yin mubaya'a ga Imam Ali (A.S), ya yi iƙirarin cewa Ali (A.S) ba shi da hannu marar laifi gaba ɗaya a cikin kisan Usman, kuma idan haka ne, to ya kamata ya miƙa masu kisan Usman domin daga baya a yanke hukunci game da batun halifanci.[8] A gefe guda kuma, Ali Bin Abi Ɗalib (A.S) ya bayyana a cikin wasiƙarsa zuwa ga Mu'awiya cewa neman fansar jinin Usman ba ita ce ainihin manufarsa ba, sai dai wata hanya da ya yi amfani da ita domin cimma manufofinsa na duniya.[9]
An kawo labarin Rigar Usman tare da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin litattafai kamar Tarikhul Rusul Wa Al-Muluk,[10] Tarikhu Madinati Dimashƙi[11] da Al-Bidaya Wan Nihaya.[12] Bisa ga waɗannan majiyoyi, farfagandar Mu'awiya wadda ta ta'allaƙa kan neman fansar jinin Usman ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tara rundunar Sham, samuwar arangama da rundunar Imam Ali (A.S), da kuma ƙarshe aukuwar Yaƙin Siffin a shekara ta 37H.[13]
A adabin harshen Farisanci, Rigar Usman ko yin rigar Usman ya koma karin magana da ake amfani da ita wajen nufin mayar da wani haƙƙi ko wani lamari abin jingina domin cimma wata manufa ta siyasa ko ta kankin kai.[14]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 22; Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 561.
- ↑ Sha'arawi, Tafsir al-Sha'arawi, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 6889.
- ↑ Don haka ku duba misali: Ibn Muzahim, Waq'at Siffin, 1370Sh, shafi na 60; Dinawari, Akhbar al-Tiwal, 1371Sh, shafuffuka na 194–198.
- ↑ Ibn Taqtaqi, Al-Fakhri fi al-Adab al-Sultaniyya wa al-Duwal al-Islamiyya, Dar Sadir, shafi na 90.
- ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 561.
- ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 561.
- ↑ Ibn Kasir, Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 227.
- ↑ Ibn Muzahim, Waq'at Siffin, shafi na 271.
- ↑ Dinuri, Akhbar al-Tiwal, shafi na 163.
- ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 561.
- ↑ Ibn Asakir, Tarikh Dimashq, juzu'i na 39, shafi na 379.
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 227.
- ↑ Ibn Taqtaqi, Al-Fakhri fi al-Adab al-Sultaniyya wa al-Duwal al-Islamiyya, Dar Sadir, shafi na 90.
- ↑ Dehkhuda, Amsal wa Hikam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 19, ƙarƙashin kalmar Pirahane Usman Kardan.
Nassoshi
- Dehkhuda, Ali Akbar, Amsal wa Hikam, Tehran, Amir Kabir, 1363Sh.
- Dinuari, Ahmad bn Dawud, Akhbar al-Tiwal, bincike na Amir, Muhammad Abd al-Mun'im, da Shiyal, Jamal al-Din, Qum, Mawallafar al-Sharif al-Radi, bugu na farko, 1373Sh.
- Ibn Asakir, Ali bn Hasan, Tarikh Madinat Dimashƙ wa Zkiri Fadliha wa Tasmiyat Man Halla Biha min al-Amasil Aw Ijtāza Bi-Nawahiha min Waridiha wa Ahliha, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1415H."
- Ibn Kasir, Isma'il bn Umar, Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, 1407H/1986M.
- Ibn Muzahim, Nasr, Waq'at al-Siffin, fassarar Parwiz Atabaki, Tehran, Bugawa da Ilimantarwa na Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci., bugu na biyu, 1370Sh.
- Ibn Sa'ad, Muhammad bn Sa'ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, bincike na Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Ata, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, bugu na farko, 1410H.
- Ibn Taqtaqi, Muhammad bn Ali, Al-Fakhri fi al-Adab al-Sultaniyya wa al-Duwal al-Islamiyya, Beirut, Dar Sadir, babu kwanan wata.
- Sha'arawi, Muhammad Mutawalli, Tafsir al-Sha'arawi, Beirut, Akhbar al-Yawm, Hukumar Kula da Littattafai da Dakunan Karatu, 1991M.
- Tabari, Muhammad bn Jarir, Tarikh al-Tabari: Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, Leiden, 1789M.