Daƙiƙa:Nikahush Shigar
 | Wannan wani rubutu ne na siffantawa game da wata ma'ana ta fiƙihu, kuma ba za ta iya zama ma'auni ga ayyukan addini ba, domin ayyukan addini sai a koma zuwa ga wasu madogaran na daban. |
Nikahush shigar, (Larabci: نكاح الشغار) nau'i ne daga aure a zamanin jahiliyya.[1] A irin nau'in wannan aure maza guda biyu za su aurar da ƴaƴansu mata guda biyu ko ƴan uwansu mata biyu ga junansu, ma'ana kowa wanne ya auri ɗaya, kuma ko wace guda za ta zauna matsayin sadakin ɗayar, wannan aure a mahangar Muslunci aure ne da ya haramta kuma bai inganta.[2] Cikin litattafan fiƙihu, an kira auren shigar da sunan auren da babu sadaki.[3]
A cewar Shahidus Sani, babban malamin fiƙihun Shi'a a ƙarni na 10 hijira ƙamari, haƙiƙa malaman imamiyya sun yi ijma'i kan rashin ingancin nikahush shigar.[4] Domin tabbatar da rashin ingancin wannan aure sun jingina da riwaya ta annabi wace cikin ta yake cewa «لا شِغار فی الاسلام؛ (Babu shigari a Muslunci).[5] Bisa fatawar Sahibul Jawahir (Rayuwa: 1255-1329 hijira ƙamari), babban malamin fiƙihu na Shi'a, duk wani aure da aka sanya wata mace matsayin sadaki ko kuma wani ɓangare ko sharaɗin sadaki, wannan aure ba shi da inganci.[6]
Cikin ƙasidar "Auren shigar a cikin fiƙihu da doka da tasirin da yake yi cikin rikice-rikicen dangi" ya zo cewa in banda mazhabar Hanafiyya, sauran mazhabobi huɗu na Ahlus-Sunna sun tafi kan rashin ingancin shigari (Sanya mace matsayin sadaki).[7] Abu Hanifa yana cewa dalilin haramcin shi ne gurɓatattun sharuɗɗan da suke tare da shi; kuma gurɓataccen sharaɗi ai ba ya da tasiri cikin aure, malamin ya yarda cewa auren wata mace ba zai iya zama sadaki ko sharaɗin sadaki ba, amma kuma ya yarda da cewa ta hanyar tilasta Mahrul Misli (Sadakin tsaraiku) za a iya warware matsalar nikahush shigar.[8]
Kan asasin ba'arin rahotanni, ana yin auren shigar a ba'arin yankuna wasu ƙasashe kamar ƙasar Astiraliya, Afrika, Afganistan, Indiya da Sumatra, haka na faruwa ne sakamakon talauci da rashin wadata da ikon biyan sadaki.[9]
A cikin huɗubobi da Jama'atull Nasril Islam daga arewacin Najeriya ke fitarwa, musamman a lokacin taron shekara-shekara a Kaduna da Kano, malamai sun jaddada cewa auren shigar yana tauye haƙƙin mata, kuma ba ya cika sharuɗɗan aure da Musulunci ya amince da su.
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Ali, al-Mafsal fi Tarikh al-Arab Ƙablu al-Islam, 1391 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 537-538.
- ↑ Jeziri, Fiqh Ala al-Mazaheb al-Arba, 1419 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 190.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Talkhis al-Habir, 1419 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 328.
- ↑ Shahid Thani, Al-Rawdha Al-Bahiyya, 1413 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 244; Najafi, Jawaher Al-Kalam, 1362 AH, juzu'i. 30, shafi. 128.
- ↑ Hurr al-Amil, Wasa’il al-Shi’ah, 1416 AH, juzu’i. 20, shafi. 303; Muslim bn al-Hajjaj, Sahih Muslim, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 1034.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, 1362, juzu'i. 30, shafi. 130.
- ↑ Pohandwi, “Nikahe Shigar Dar Fiƙh Wa Ƙanune Wa Naƙshe An Dar Munaza'at Famili,” shafi na 55-56
- ↑ Jeziri, Fiqh Ala al-Mazahebil al-Arba, 1419 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 191.
- ↑ Tarmanini, Azziwaju Indal Aabil Jahiliyya Wal-Islam, 1984, shafi na 28; Pohandwi, “Nikahe Shigar Dar Fiƙh Wa Ƙanune Wa Naƙshe An Dar Munaza'at Famili,” shafi na 55-56.
Nassoshi
- Ibn Hajar Asqlani, Talkhisul Al-Hubair Fi Takhrijil Ahadisir Al-Rafi Al-Kabeer, Bija, Darul Kutb Al-Alamiya, bugu na daya, 1419H.
- Fuhandawi Abdul Majid Samim,«نکاح شغار در فقه و قانون و نقش آن در منازعات فامیلی»، Mujallar Binciken Kimiyya ta Kwata-kwata ta Cibiyar Ilimi Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ghalib, Shekara ta 4, Fitowa ta 1, bazara ta 2015.
- Tarmanini, Abdul Salam, A Azziwaju Indal Aabil Jahiliyya Wal-Islam, Kuwait, Aalam Al-Ma’rifah, 1984.
- Jaziri, Abdul Rahman, Fikihu Akan Mazhabobin Tunani Hudu (Juzu'i na 4), Beirut, Darul-Thaqlain, 1419H.
- Kungiyar Marubuta, Al-Musawwa’ah Al-Faqih Al-Kuwaitiyyah (Juzu'i na 41), Kuwait, Ma'aikatar Waqaqa da Al'amuran Musulunci, 1404 AH-1427H.
- Shahid Thani, ZaynulDin bin Ali, Al-Rawdah Al-Bahiya Fi Sharh Al-Lama’ah Al-Damshaqiyyah (Juzu'i na 5), Qom, Maktaba Al-Dawari, 1410H.
- Ali, Jawad, Al-Mufassil Fi Tarikh Al-Arab Qabal-Salam (Juzu'i na 5), Beirut, Dar Al-Ilm Lal-Mala'in, 1391H.
- Muslim bin Hajjaj, Muslim, Sahih Muslim (Juzu'i na 2), Alkahira, Darul Hadith, 1412H.
- Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawaher al-Kalam (Juzu'i na 30), Mahmoud Quchani, Beirut, Darul-Ahya al-Turaht al-Arabi ya yi bincike, bugu na 7, 1362 (1983).