Daƙiƙa:Mahrul Misli
Mahrul misli, (Larabci: مهر المثل) sadaki ne da ake ayyana shi bayan ɗaura aure wanda ba ayyana sadaki ba lokacin karanta sigar aure, sannan kuma mata da miji sun rigaya sun yi jima'i. Mahrul misli ya keɓantu da aure na da'imi, babu Mahrul misli cikin aure muwaƙƙati. Idan ba a ayyana sadaki ba cikin aure muwaƙƙati auren bai inganta ba.
Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, domin ayyana Mahrul Misli wajibi ne aya la'akari matan da suke matsayi ɗaya da ita. Kuma kan wannan asasi ne cikin kallon ma'aunai misalin shekaru, kyawu, budurci da matsayin danginta ne za a ayyana sadakinta.
Bisa fatawar Makarim Shirazi ɗaya daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi na Shi'a, sadakoki da ba a saba da su ba misalin sulalla dubu na zinare bahar azadi (Nau'i ne na zinare a Iran) ana soke shi, kuma ana maye gurbinsa da Mahrul misli.
Nazarin Ma'ana
"Mahrul misli" suna ne na sadaki da ake ayyana shi bayan aure, misalin wannan sadaki ana gangara a kansa a halin da mace da namiji suka ƙulla aure na da'imi tare da yin jima'i, sai dai kuma cikin sigar aure ba a ayyana sadaki ba.[1]
Yaya Ake Ayyana Mahrul Misli?
Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, a lokacin ayyana Mahrul misli na wata mace, to ana duban matan da suke matsayi ɗaya da ita.[2] Muhammad Hassan Najafi, ɗaya daga cikin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a a ƙarni na 13 hijira, yana cewa cikin ayyana Mahrul Misli dole ne a kalli ma'aunai misalin matsayin dangi, kyawu, shekaru, budurci, dukiya da duk wani siffa da matsayinta ta take bambantuwa da shi.[3]
A Wane Wurare Ne Ake Ayyana Mahrul Misli?
Bisa fatawar malamai, mace tana samun Mahrul misli cikin wuraren da bayaninsu zai a ƙasa:
- Cikin auren da'imi, a halin rashin ayyana sadaki da kuma aikata jima'i.[4] Cikin aure muwaƙƙati babu Mahrul misli kuma idan ya zaman cikin sigar ƙulla aure ba ayyana sadaki ba to aure bai inganta ba.[5]
- Idan aka yi jima'i bisa shubuha,[6] da sharaɗin faruwar shubuha daga ɓangarori ko kuma daga mace ita kaɗai, amma macen tana sane da haramcin jima'i, to ba za a bata Mahrul misli ba.[7]
- Idan sadaki ya kasance ba a fayyace ba kuma ba a bayyana shi ba. Alal misali, idan sadakin ya kasance koyar da ɗaya daga cikin surorin Kur'ani, amma ba a ayyana wace sura ce daga Kur'ani ba, to sadakin bai inganta ba, idan kuma sun yi jima'i, to namiji zai biya Mahrul misli.[8]
- Idan mijin ya kasance murtaddi (Wanda ya bar Muslunci) kuma bai san cewa bai da haƙƙin yin kusantar matarsa Musulma ba, sai ya je ya yi jima'i da ita, malaman fiƙihu misalin Shaik Ɗusi sun ce wannan miji ƙari kan biyan ta Mahrul musamma (Sadakin da suka ayyana yayin ɗaura aure) wajibi ya biya ta Mahrul misli.[9]
- Idan mata da miji suka muslunta, ko kuma namiji shi kaɗai ya muslunta, ba'arin malaman fiƙihu sun yi tafi kan cewa aurensu ya warwarewa, idan kuma sun yi jima'i, za ba ta Mahrul misli.[10]
- Makarim Shirazi ɗaya daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi na Shi'a, ya tafi kan cewa sadaki wanda ya saɓawa al'ada misalin sulallan zinariya dubu bahar azadi (Zinare ƙirar Iran), ana soke wannan sadaki a canja shi da Mahrul misli.[11]
Mahrul Misli Cikin Dokokin Farar Hula Na Iran
An yi magana kan Mahrul misli a dokokin Iran. Daidai sashe mai lamba 1087 dokokin farar hula idan cikin aure da'imi ba a ayyana sadaki ba ko kuma aka sanya rashin sadaki matsayin sharaɗi, auren ya inganta, amma dole a fayyace makomar sadaki, idan ba su aikata jima'i ba, za su iya zama su daidaita da juna kan miƙdari da gwargwadon sadakin, amma idan ya zamanto gabanin daidaitawa kan sadakin sun rigaya sun kusanci juna sun yi jima'i, to matar tana da haƙƙin Mahrul misli.[12] Haka nan daidai da sashe mai lamba 1090 dokar farar hula, idan aka sallama ayyana sadaki hannun mace, to ba ta da haƙƙin ayyana sadaki fiye da miƙdarin Mahrul misli.[13]
Maƙaloli Masu Alaƙa
Baynin kula
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Kitab al-Nikah, 1382 SH, juzu’i 6, shafi 39.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Kitab al-Nikah, 1382 SH, juzu’i 6, shafi 42.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Beirut, juzu’i 31, shafi 52.
- ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Kitab al-Nikah, Mu’assasa Rai-Pardaz, juzu’i 9, shafi 3111.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Kitab al-Nikah, 1382 SH, juzu’i 1, shafi 137.
- ↑ Tabataba’i Yazdi, al-‘Urwa al-Wuthqa, 1409 H, juzu’i 2, shafi 808; Shubairi Zanjani, Kitab al-Nikah, Mu’assasa Rai-Pardaz, juzu’i 4, shafi 1258
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Beirut, juzu’i 32, shafi 378–379.
- ↑ Muhakkik Hilli, Shara’i’ al-Islam, 1408 H, juzu’i 2, shafi 269.
- ↑ Shubairi Zanjani, Kitab al-Nikah, Mu’assasa Rai-Pardaz, juzu’i 17, shafi 5600.
- ↑ Shahid Thani, Masalik al-Afham, 1425 H, juzu’i 8, shafi 162.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Kitab al-Nikah, 1382 SH, juzu’i 1, shafi 20.
- ↑ Muhakkik Damad, Barrasi Fiqhi Hakuki Khanuwade, 1384 SH, shafi 251.
- ↑ Muhakkik Damad, Barrasi Fiqhi Hakuki Khanuwade, 1384 SH, shafi 251.
Nassoshi
- Hashimi Shahrudi, Sayyid Mahmoud, Farhang Fiqh bisa Mazhab Ahlul Bayt (a.s.), Qom, Mu’assasa Da’irat al-Ma’arif Fiqh Islami, bugu na uku, 1390 SH.
- Makarim Shirazi, Naser, Kitab al-Nikah, Qom, Madrasat al-Imam Amir al-Mu’minin, 1382 SH.
- Mudarrisi, Sayyid Muhammad Taqi, Ahkam al-Keluwa da Adabin Aure, Qom, Intisharat Muhibban al-Husayn, bugu na biyar, 1388 SH.
- Muhakkik Damad, Sayyid Mustafa, Binciken Fiqhi na Hakkokin Iyali: Nikah da Rushewarsa, Tehran, Cibiyar Wallafa Ilimin Musulunci, bugu na goma sha ɗaya, 1384 SH.
- Muhakkik Hilli, Ja’far bin Hasan, Shara’i’ al-Islam fi Masa’il al-Halal wal-Haram, Qom, Mu’assasa Matbu’ati Isma’iliyan, bugu na biyu, 1408 H.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara’i’ al-Islam, binciken Mahmoud Quchani, Beirut, Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, bugu na bakwai, ba tare da shekara ba.
- Shahid Thani, Zayn al-Din bin Ali, Masalik al-Afham ila Tanqih Shara’i’ al-Islam, Qom, Mu’assasa al-Ma’arif al-Islamiyya, bugu na uku, 1425 H.
- Shubairi Zanjani, Sayyid Musa, Kitab al-Nikah, Qom, Mu’assasa Rai-Pardaz, ba tare da shekara ba.
- Tabataba’i Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, al-‘Urwa al-Wuthqa, Beirut, Mu’assasa al-A’lami lil-Matbu’at, bugu na biyu, 1409 H.