Azumin Shiru

Daga wikishia

Azumin Shiru, (Larabci: صوم الصَمت) wani aiki da cikinsa mutum yake yin shiru da kame bakinsa daga yin magana da niyyar azumi domin samun kusancin Allah, ba'ari yini ko bakiɗayan yinin rana mutum bai zai yi magana cikinsa ba, a fatawar malaman fiƙihu na shi'a da ahlus-sunna azumin shiru azumi ne da ya haramta a shari'a, na'am da wani mutum ba tare da ƙudurce niyyar azumi ba zai yini bai yi magana ba to bai aikata haramun ba, suna cewa azumin shiru al'ada ce da ta yaɗu cikin bani isra'il, sai dai cewa muslunci ya goge wannan azumi ya kuma haramta yin sa.

Tarihin Wannan Azumi Tare da Ma'anarsa

Azumin shiru suna ne na wani aiki da cikinsa mutum yake yin shiru ya kame bakinsa ba'arin yini ko bakiɗayan yinin ranar.[1] malaman fiƙihun shi'a yin bayanin hukuncin yin shiru da niyyar azumi ko ba da niyyar azumi ba.[2]

Allama Majlisi daga malaman hadisi na shi'a (Wafati: 1110. h. ƙ) ya yi amanna da cewa azumin shiru azumi ne da ya halasta a shari'ar bani isra'il, sai dai kuma bayan zuwan muslunci an goge wannan azumi an haramta yinsa.[3] wasu suna dogara da aya ta 26 suratul maryam kan halascin azumin shiru a zamanin bani isra'il, amma muslunci da ya zo ya goge wannan hukuncin.[4]

Cikin ba'arin riwayoyi an kira yi azumin shiru da «زَمٌّ» (Zammu).[5] zammu wata aƙala ce da ake ɗaurawa a bakin raƙumi a domin jawo shi, ma'abota ibada da zuhudu cikin bani isra'il suna amfani da wani abu kwatankwacinsa domin ɗaure bakunansu domin su lazimci kama baki da rashin magana tsawon yinin rana.[6]

Haramcin Azumin Shiru

A cikin fiƙihun shi'a[7] da ahlus-sunna[8] azumin shiru ana lissafa shi cikin azumin da ya haramta a shari'a.

Mahangar Shi'a

Malaman fiƙihun shi'a sun ajiye azumin shiru cikin jerin azumin da aka haramta a mus;unci.[9] sun dogara da tarin riwayoyi da aka naƙalto daga Annabi (S.A.W) da Imamai Ma'sumai (A.S) kan haramta wannan azum.[10] Fadil Lankarani (Wafati: 2007 m) ɗaya daga cikin malaman fiƙihu a shi'a ya yi imani abubuwan da suke wajibi ko haramun a cikin azumi an rigaya an ayyana su kuma shiru baya daga cikinsu, saboda yin sa bidi'a kuma haramun ne.[11]

Malaman fiƙihu na shi'a suna ganin babu matsala yin shiru wani yanki daga yini ko bakiɗayan yini ba tare da niyyar azumi ba.[12]

Mahangar Ahlus-sunna

Malaman ahlus-sunna bisa dogara da riwayoyi da suka naƙalto daga Annabi (S.A.W) kan wannan magana sun lissafa azumin shiru matsayin azumin da ya haramta a muslunci.[13] alal misali Abu Hanifa (Wafati: 150. h. ƙ) shugaban mazhabar hanafiyya ta ahlus-sunna,[14] Zamakshari (Wafati: 538. h. ƙ) daga malaman tafsiri wurin ahlus-sunna[15] da Ibn ƙudama (Wafati: 620. h. ƙ) suna cikin jumlar malaman ahlus-sunna da suka yi fatawar haramcin azumin shiru.[16]

Bayanin Kula

  1. ↑ Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 555.
  2. ↑ Khomeini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 555.
  3. ↑ Majlesi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 68, shafi na 404.
  4. ↑ Muassaseh Da'iratul Al-marif fikihi Islami,Farhange fikihuMutabik Mazhab Ahlul-Baiti (a.s), a karkashin kalmar "Ruzeh Sukut".
  5. ↑ Hurru Ameli, Wasa’il al-Shi’ah, 1409 AH, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 524. ↑
  6. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Khisal, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 138.
  7. ↑ Sheikh Saduq, Min La Yahdarahu Al-Faqih, 1413 Q, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 79. ↑
  8. ↑ Isfahani, Musnad Abu Hunaifah, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 192 ↑
  9. ↑ Najafi, Javaher al-Kalam, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 125.
  10. ↑ Mendi Tehrani, al-Mabahis al-Fiqhiyyah, 1366 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 260.
  11. ↑ Fazil Movahdi Lankarani, Tafseel al-Shariah, 1426 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 336.
  12. ↑ Khomeini, Tahrir Al-Wasila, 1383 Sh, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 555.
  13. ↑ Ibn Qudama, Al-Mughni, 1405 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 76.
  14. ↑ Isfahani, Musnad Abu Hanifa, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi 192.
  15. ↑ Zamakhshari, Al-Kashaf, 1407 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 16.
  16. ↑ Ibn Qudama, Al-Mughni, 1405 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 76.

Nassoshi

  • Esfahani, Ahmad bin Abdullah, Masnad Abu Hanifah, gyara: Nazar Mohammad Faryabi, Riyadh, Kauthar School, 1415 AH.
  • Fazil Mowhedi Lankarani, Muhammad, Tafsilul Shari'ah (Soom), Qum, Cibiyar Shari'a ta Imaman Tsarki (A.S.), 1426H.
  • Hurru Amili, Muhammad, Wasal al-Shia, edita: Cibiyar Al-Baiti, Qum, Cibiyar Al-Baiti, 1409H.
  • Ibn Qudama, Abdullahi bin Ahmad, al-Mughni fiqhu, Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1405H.
  • Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, wanda ƙungiyar masu bincike ta Beirut, Dar Al-Ahia al-Tarath al-Arabi, bugu na biyu, 1403 AH.
  • Mendi Tehrani, Mohammad Javad, al-Mabahid al-Faqhiyyah fi Sharh al-Ruda al-Bahiyyah, Qom, Vojdani, 1366.
  • Muassaseh Da'iratu;l Al-marif Fikihu Islami Mutabik Mazhab Ahlul Baiti (AS), Al'adun Fiqhu A Addinin Ahlul Baiti (AS), Qum, Cibiyar Nazarin Fikihu Akan Addinin Ahlul Baiti (AS). , 1382 AH.
  • Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawaher al-Kalam, editan: Jafar Hali, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Tarath al-Arabi, Bita.
  • Qur'ani.
  • Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad Bin Ali, Man Lai YaHazara Al-Faqih, Edited by: Ali Akbar Ghafari Qom, ofishin da'awar Musulunci mai alaka da kungiyar malamai ta Qum, bugu na biyu, 1413 AH.
  • Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad bin Ali, Khisal, editan: Ali Akbar Ghafari, Kum, Jame Modaresin, 1362.
  • Zamakhshari, Mahmoud, Al-Kashaf an haqaiq Ghawamaz al-Tanzil wa Ayun al-Aghawil fi wujuhi ta’awil, Beirut, Darul Katab al-Arabi, 1407H.
  • Khomeini, Sayyid Ruhollah, Tahrir Al Wasila, Tehran, Imam Khumaini Editing and Publishing Institute, 1392.
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