Abrahata

Daga wikishia

Abrahata (Larabci: أبرهة) ko kuma Abraha, wani Sarki ne da ya kasance a kasar Yaman kuma shi ne Kwamandan As'habul Fili (Ma'abota Giwa) wanda ya koro Rundunar mayaka zuwa makka domin rusa ka'aba, sai dai cewa Allah ya aiko da Dairul Ababil da Sijjil sun musu raga-raga, aniyarsa ta rushe, sakamakon jin ciwo da Abraha ya yi a wannan waki'a bayan ya koma Yaman sai ya mutu. Abraha ya kasance Kirista da ya Mulki Yaman. Ance ya yi aniyar rusa Dakin Ka'aba don raddi da martani kan keta alfarmar Majami'a (Coci) da aka samu wasu sun yi a yaman ita wannan Majami'a an ginata ne domin hana Mutanen Yaman zuwa Makka, sannan kuma fadada karfin ikon Addinin Kiristanci da lamintar da bukatun Kasar Rum da Habasha duka suna cikin hadafinsa na kai hari kan dakin Ka'aba.

Gabatarwa

Hakika Abrahata ya kasance mutumin kasar Habasha.[1] ya rayu ne a karni na shida hijira miladiyya daidai shekara da aka haifi Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W)[2] Abrahata ya zama Sarkin Yaman bayan cin Yaman da Yaki.[3] Abrahata sakamakon ciwo da ya ji a Fuskarsa a lokacin yunkurin ruguje dakin Ka'aba, ana kiransa da sunan Ashram (Mai tsagaggen Hanci da lebe)[4] tare da haka a cikin littafin Dala'ilul An-Nubuwati an kirashi da sunan Abrahata Bn Ashram.[5] an ce Ashram bai kasance sunan Mahaifinsa ba.[6] kamar yanda ya zo cikin littafin Mu'ujamul Al-Buldan sunan babansa shi ne Sabahu.[7] Haka kuma ana kiransa da Abu Yaksam[8] Sahibul Filu[9] Abraha Habashi.[10]

Koro Runduna Zuwa Makka

Asalin Makala: As'habul Filu

Abrahata tare da Sojojin da suka kasance a gabansa ya koro su zuwa garin Makka domin Ruguje dakin Ka'aba.[11] kan asasin ayar Alkur'ani kwatsam sai aka ga wasu Tsuntsaye sun bayyana a sararin Samaniya suna ruwan dutse kan rundunar Abrahata[12] bayan shan kayi sai Abrahata ya koma Yaman[13] a wannan waki'ar Abrahata ya ji ciwo bayan komawa gida Yaman sai ya mutu a can.[14]

Zanen ma'abota giwaye na Esfandiar Ahmadiyeh

Cikin Suratul Fili labarin As'habul Fili ya zo da kuma batun hallakar da su ta hanyar aiko da Tsuntsaye masu dauke da duwatsun Sijjil.[15] Hadafinsa kan Ruguje Dakin Ka'aba Abrahata ya kasance Mabiyin Addinin Kiristanci.[16] ya gina wata Majimi'a (Coci) a garin San'a na Yaman domin Hana larabawa zuwa Makka, hakika ya cancadawa wannan Majimi'a ado da zinare da kayan ado na Alfarma sannan ya tilasta larabawan Yaman zuwa ziyara wannan Majimi'a.[17] ana kiran wannan Majami'a da sunan Kilis,[18] wacce aka ginata don hana larabawa zuwa garin Makka.[19] sai dai cewa wani Mutumin Yaman ya je ya keta alfarmar wannan Majami'a, da wannan dalili ne Abrahata ya yi rantsuwa sai ya rusa Dakin Ka'aba,[20] kari kan wannan yana da hadafi da niyyar fadada yaduwar Kiristanci da karfin ikonsa cikin Yankin Jazirar Larabawa da kuma lamintar da bukatun tattalin arziki da siyasa na Rum da Habasha.[21]

Mulkar Yaman

Hakika Abrahata ya kasance Kwamandan daya daga cikin Rundunoni biyu da Sarkin Habasha ya turo don kwatar Kasar Yaman, 22 daya Rundunar kuma akwai wani Mutum da ake kira da Aryat shi ne Kwamandanta[22] kan asasin ba'arin wasu Nakali an tura wata Runduna zuwa Yaman karkashin Kwamandancin Aryat, sannan Abrahata yana cikin Sojojin wannan Runduna.[23] Bayan fatahu Yaman ta hannun Sojojin Habasha 24 sai aka samu Rigima tsakanin Aryat da Abrahata[24] sai Abrahata ya kashe Aryat, Abrahata ya zama Sarkin Yaman.[25] A rahotan Mas'udi hakika kashe Aryat ya fusata Sarkin Habasha, ya dauki niyya zai aika runduna su yaki Abrahata su kashe shi.[26] sai Abrahata ya aika masa da Kyaututtuka tare da wata wasika wacce cikinta bayan ya nemi afuwa kan kashe Aryat ya shelanta zai kasance mai cika Alkawari ga Sarkin Habasha,[27] sai Sarkin Habasha ya yafe masa.[28]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Moghrizi, Imtaa al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 68.
  2. ↑ Bergnisi, “Abraheh”, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 563
  3. ↑ Moghdisi, Albada'u wa al-Tarikh, Bursa'id, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 185.
  4. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umm wa al-Muluk, 1387 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 129
  5. ↑ Bayhaqi, Dala'il al-Nubuwwa, 1405 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 117
  6. ↑ Bergnisi, “Abraheh”, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 563
  7. ↑ Yaqut Hamavi, Mujam Al Buldan, 1995, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 53.
  8. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikh Islam, 1409 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 164.
  9. ↑ Samani, Ansab, 1382 Hijira, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 200
  10. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 67.
  11. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh, 1374, juzu'i na 27, shafi na 335.
  12. ↑ Duba: Suratul Fil.
  13. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh, 1374, juzu'i na 27, shafi na 335.
  14. ↑ Ibn Qutiba, Al-Maarif, 1992, shafi na 638.
  15. ↑ Suratul Fil, aya ta 1-5.
  16. ↑ Javad Ali, al-Mufsal fi Tarikh al-Arab kablal Islam, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 184.
  17. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 67.
  18. ↑ Ibn Al-Kalbi, Al-Asnam, 1364, shafi na 46-47.
  19. ↑ Ibn Kathir Damaschi,Albedaya wa Alnehaya., 1407 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 170.
  20. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 67.
  21. ↑ Bergnisi, “Abraheh”, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 569.
  22. ↑ ,Ibn Kathir Damaschi Albedaya wa Alnehaya 1407 AH, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 306.
  23. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, 1387H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 125.
  24. ↑ Yaqoubi, Tarikh Yaqoubi, Beirut, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 200.
  25. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiya, Beirut, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.
  26. ↑ Masoudi, Moruj al-Zahb, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 52.
  27. ↑ Moghdisi, Al-bada'u wa al-Tarikh, Bursa'id, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 185.
  28. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiya, Beirut, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 42.

Nassoshi

  • Ibn Kalbi, Hisham bin Muhammad, Al-Asnam, Tehran, New Publication, 1364.
  • Ibn Qutaybah, Abdullah bin Muslim, al-Maarif, binciken dukiyar Akasha, Alkahira, Al-Masriyyah El-Masriyya Al-Katab, 1992.
  • Ibn Kathir Damascus, Ismail Ibn Omar, al-Badaiya wa al-Nehaya, Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1407H.
  • Ibn Hisham, Abdul Malik, Al-Sirah Al-Nabawiyyah, bincike na Mustafa Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Abiari, Abdul Hafiz Shalabi, Daral al-Marefa, Beirut, bugun farko, Beta.
  • Bergnisi, "Abrahe", dayiratu maref buzurg islami, Volume 2, Tehran, Cibiyar Big Islamic Encyclopedia, 1368.
  • Balazri, Ahmad bin Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, bincike: Sohail Zakar, Riaz Zarkali, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr, bugun farko, 1417H.
  • Beyhaqi, Ahmad bin Hussain, dala'ilil Annubuwa wa marifat Ahwal Sahib Al-Sharia, bincike na Abdul Moati Qalaji, Dar al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, Beirut, bugu na farko, 1405H.
  • Javad Ali, al-Mafsal fi Tarikh al-Arab Kablal Islam, Bija, Dar al-Saqi, 2001.
  • Dhahabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Tarikhul Islam, wanda Omar Abdus Salam Tadmari ya yi bincike a Beirut, Darul Kitab al-Arabi, bugu na biyu, 1409H.
  • Samaani, Abdul Karim bin Muhammad, Al-Ansab, bincike na Abdul Rahman bin Yahya Maalami Yamani, Hyderabad, Majlis of the Ottoman Encyclopaedia, bugu na farko, 1382H.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh Al’umm wa Al-Muluk, wanda Muhammad Abu al-Fazl Ibrahim ya yi bincike a Beirut, Darul Trath, bugu na biyu, 1387H.
  • Masoudi, Ali bin Al-Husain, Moruj al-Dahaab da Al-Jawhar ma'adinai, bincike na Asad Daghar, Qum, Dar al-Hijra, bugu na biyu, 1409H.
  • Moghadsi, Motahar bin Taher, al-bada'u wa al-Tarikh, School of Al-Tulfaqa al-Diniya, Bor Saeed, Bita.
  • Muqrizi, Taqiuddin, Umtaa al-Asma, wanda Muhammad Abdulhamid Nemisi ya yi bincike a Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya, bugu na farko, 1420H.
  • Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, Tafsir namuneh, Tehran, Darul-e-Kitab al-Islamiyya, bugun farko, 1374.
  • Yaqut Hamvi, Shahabuddin Abu Abdallah, Mojam al-Buldan, Beirut, Dar Sader, bugu na biyu, 1995.
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