Kadai An Aiko Ni Ne Domin Cika Makarimul Akhlaƙ

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Hadis Innama bu'istu li'utammima makarimul akhlak

Kadai an Aiko ni Domin Cika Makarimul Akhlak, (Larabci: إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لِأُتَمِّمَ مَکَارِمَ الْأَخْلَاق) wani Hadisi da aka rawaito shi daga Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) cikin wannan Hadisi ya bayyana cewa Hadafin aiko shi ya kasance ne domin kamala Makarimul Akhlak (Kyawawan Dabi’u), wannan wani Hadisi ya shahara da Taken (Hadis Makarimul Akhlak) tare da dogara da wannan Hadisi Malaman sun tafi kan cewa Akhlak yana daga cikin muhimman Mas’alolin Addinin Muslunci, koyar da Makarimul Akhlak da Kammalasu ana kidaya shi daga Asalin Hadafin aiko Annabi (S.A.W) an nakalto Wannan Hadisi daga Masadir na Shi’a da Ahlus-Sunna, akwai wasu Riwayoyin daban da suke kunshe da ma’anar wannan Hadisi sai dai cewa kuma Lafuzzan da suka zo da shi ya bambanta, wasu ba’arin Masu zurfafa bincike tare da la’akari da yawaita Nakalin Hadisin da suka kunshi ma’anar wannan Hadisi, suna ganin wannan Hadisi ya kai Matsayin Hadisi Mutawatiri Ma’anawi. Suna cewa Makarimul Akhlak suna da bambanci tare da sauran Falalolin Akhlak domin sun fifita kan sauran Kyawawan Dabi’u, cikin Hadisi an bayyana cewa Kyawawan Halaye misalin Hakuri, Godiya, Wadatar Zuciya, Jarumta, Sadar da Zumunci, Kunya da Ihsani an kidaya su cikin Misdakan Makarimul Akklak

Matsayi

Hakika Hadisin

«إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لِأُتَمِّمَ مَکَارِمَ الْاَخْلَاق‏»

Kadai an Aiko ni domin Kammala Kyawawan Dabi’u, Malamai sun fassara shi da cewa an aiko ni domin Koyar da Makarimul Akhlak, [1]wannan Hadisi ya shahara da sunan (Makarim Akhlak) [2] ko (Hadis Tatmim) [3] kuma Nakalto shi ne daga Annabi (S.A.W) [4] tare da dogara da wannan hadisi hakika daya daga cikin Haduffa na Asalin aiko da Annabi (S.A.W) ya kasance Kammalar Makarimul Akhlak da koyar da su, [5] kuma wannan hadisi ya kunshi bayanin Mas’lolin Kyawunta Dabi’u a cikin Addinin Muslunci. [6]

Mabambantan Fahimtoci Daga Wannan Hadisi

An samu Fahimtoci daban-daban kan Hadis Makarimul Akhlak: Murtada Mutahhari Masanin Addinin Muslunci kuma Marubuci a Mazhabar Shi’a ya rubuta cewa: Abin da za a iya fahimta daga wannan Hadisi shi ne cewa Aiko Annabi ya kasance yana kallo da duba zuwa ga Motsar da bangare Ruhi da Akhlak da Tarbiyar Daidaikun Mutane da kuma bangarorin Tausayi da nuna Soyayya, ba wai kadai iya bangarorin Ilimi da fanni da wasunsu ba , sabanin Akhlak Din Sokrati wanda ya doru kan asasin falala da Hukunce-hukunce Hankali, kadai yana Kallo ne zuwa ga Sasannin aiki da hankali, da wannan dalili ne ma Akhlak dinsa ya kasance Daskararre Bushe ba Motsi. [7] A cewar Ibn Arabi wanda ya kasance Malamin tafsiri kuma Arifi daga Bangaren Ahlus-sunna wanda ya rayu tsakanin Shekara ta 560-638, hakika a tsakanin Annabawa kowannensu yana da Tanadi mai yawan gaske cikin Karbar Falaloli [8] kuma ya kasance a bayan sauran, kuma kowannensu yana da dukkanin Siffofi da kamalolin Annabawan da suka gabace shi, da wannan dalili ne Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) ya kasance ya samu Mafi dacewar Makarimul Akhlak [9] Wasu ba’arin Masu zurfafa bincike suna da Imani kan cewa Makarimulm Akhlak ba su ne kadai ne Hadafin Aiko Annabi ba [10] saboda anyi bayani cewa an aiko Annabi domin wasu Haduffan daban kamar misalin Siyasa da Jagorancin Al’umma, cika Hujja kan Mutane, [11] tare da la’akari da wannan mas’ala cikin bayanin wannan riwaya akwai fuskoki da akayi bayaninsu kamar haka:

  • wannan Hadisi ya iyakance cika Makarimul Akklak ta hannun Annabi, ma’ana tsakanin sauran Annabawa shi ne kawai zai cika su da kammala su. Kadai dai an aiko shi ne domin cika Makarimul Akhlak. [12]
  • Abin nufi da iyakance Makarimul Akhlak daga sauran Kyawawan Halaye, shi ne cewa an Aiko da Annabi domin ya cika Makarimul Akhlak da mafi daukakar Hususiyoyin Kyawawan Dabi’u. [13]
  • Illa da Hadafi na Asali, shi ne dai Kammala Makarim Akhlak, kuma wannan Illa ita ce Asasi da tushen sauran Illoli da bangarorin Adddini na aiko shi. [14]

Isnadin Riwayar

Hakika wannan hadisi ya zo a litattafan dukkanin Bangarori biyu daga Shi’a da Ahlus-sunna: Daga Masadir din Shi’a Akwai litattafai da suka nakalto wannan Riwaya misalin: Ar-Risalatul Al-Alawiyya, [15] talifin Muhammad Bn Ali Garaji, wanda ya mutu shekara ta 449 h Kamari, Tafsir Majma’ul Al-Bayan, [16] talifin Fadlu Bn Hassan Ɗabarasi, wanda ya mutu shekara ta 548 h Kamari, kuma yana daga Mafi dadewar litattafai da suka nakalto wannan Hadisi, [17] haka kuma Fadlu Bn Hassan Ɗabarasi cikin Mukaddimar Littafin Makarimul Al-Akhlak ya kawo wannan riwaya ba tare da Ambato isnadinta ba. [18] Na’am wannan Hadisi a wasu Lafuzzan da nakaloli Mabambanta ya zo a cikin wasu litattafan: cikin littafin Fikhu Ar-Rida ya zo da lafazin

«بُعِثتُ بِمَکارِمِ الاَخلاق

An aiko ni da Makarimul Akhlak, [19] haka kuma cikin littafin Amali talifin Shaik Tusi wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara ta 385-460 an nakalto wannan hadisi daga Annabi (S.A.W) sannan ya kuma zo da lafazin:

<xenter>«بُعِثتُ بِمَکارِمِ الاَخلاقِ و مَحَاسِنِها»

An aiko ni da Makarimul Akhlak da kuma kyawawansu. [20] cikin Masadir na Ahlus-sunna Hakika Baihaki wanda ya mutu shekara ta 458 h Kamari, haka zalika wannan riwaya ta zo cikin littafin Sunanu Al-kubra tare da kawo Silsilar Isnadinta, daga Abu Huraira ya nakalto ta daga Annabi (S.A.W) [21] haka zalika Malik Bn Anas wanda ya rayu tsakanin 93-179 h Kamari, [22] Ahmad Bn Hanbal wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara 164-241, [23] shima ya nakalto wannan riwaya, Muhammad Bn Isma’il Bukhari wanda ya rayu tsakanin 194-256 h Kamari, [24] shima ya nakaltota a littafinsa da Lafuzza da suke kama da wannan Riwaya, wasu ba’arin Masu zurfafa bincike sakamakon yawaitar nakalin ma’anar wannan Hadisi daga Bangarorin Shi’a da Ahlus-sunna sun bayyana cewa wannan Hadisi, Hadisi ne Mutawatiri Ma’anawi, ko kuma Alal Akalla za a kirga shi cikin Istifaza Ma’anawi kuma karbabben Hadisi a wurin Malamai. [25]

Misdakan Makarimul Akhlak

Makarim jam’i ne na sigar Kalmar Makrama ma’ana Nuna Girma da Karamci [26] sannan Makarim Akhlak yana bada ma’anar Kyawawan Dabi’u na Girmama [27] a cikin litattafan Hadisi akwai wasu adadin Riwayoyi da aka nakalto su daga Ma’asumai (A.S) dangane da Makarimul Akhlak, [28] cikin ba’arinsu an kawo wasu Sifffofi da Halaye Matsayin Misdakan Makarimul Akhlak, Shaik Kulaini a cikin Alkafi ya nakalto wani Hadisi daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) wanda cikinsa Imam ya bayyana cewa Makarimul Akhlak sun kasance Adon Annabawa, sannan ya kwadaitar kan samun Makarimul Akhlak , sannan ya kawo wasu Siffofi guda Goma na Makarimul Akhlak: Yakini, Wadatar Zuciya, Hakuri, Godiya, Zuhudu, Ishani, Kyauta, Kishi, Muru’a, [29] a wani hadisi cikin dai Littafin Alkafi ya kawo wasu Halaye da siffofin daban matsayin Misdakan Makarimul Akhlak, daga cikinsu akwai: Debe Tsammani daga Abin Hannun Mutane, Fadin Gaskiya, Sauke Amana, Sadar da Zumunci, Shiryawa Bako Liyafa, Kyautar Abinci ga Mabukata, Rama Ishani da Ihsani, Kiyaye Hakkin Makotaka, Kiyaye Hakkin Abota, sannan Imam Yace: Kunya ita ce Asali da tushen baki dayan Makarimul Akhlak. [30]

Bambancin Makarim da Mahasin

Cikin Ba’arin Nakalan Hadis Makarim Akhlak, daga Jumlarsu akwai Nakalin Shaik Tusi a kusa da Kalmar Makarim ya yi ishara zuwa ga Mahasin, [31] a cewar Muhammad Takiyyu Falsafi wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara ta 1286-1377 h shamsi, cikin maganganun Mazhaba tsakanin Riwayoyi ba a an ambaci ma’auni da yake bambanta Makarim da Mahasin ba, [32] sai dai cewa tare da la’akari da Misdakai da aka ambata kan wadannan abubuwa guda (Mahasin da Makarim) za mu iya cewa wannan kaso na kyawawan Halaye da kunshi Sakin Fuska ga Mutane wanda ya kasance abin yabawa a Shari’ance sannan yana dacewa da karkata Nafsu [33] kuma Aksarin Alakokin Zamantakewa da yanayin Mu’amala da Mutane [34] sun kasance daga Mahasin Akhlak, sannan Kyawawan Halaye misalin Danne Fushi wanda idan mutum yana son kiyaye shi dole ya yaki Son ransa, ko kuma alal akalla kada ya yi Sakaci, wadannan halaye suna daga Makarim Akhlak. [35]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Hakimi wa Digaran, Al-Hayyat, Ahmad Aram ya fassara, 2013, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 675.
  2. ↑ Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Barasi Dalali Hadith Makarem Al-Akhlaq", shafi na 138.
  3. ↑ Hadi, “Makaram al-Akhlaq; Fajuheshi Piramun ruwayat Tettimim Makarem Akhlaq”, shafi na 314
  4. ↑ Tabarsi, Majmam al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 500.
  5. ↑ Naraghi, Mi'raj al-Saada, 1378, shafi na 107; Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuneh, 1374, juzu'i na 24, shafi.379.
  6. ↑ Alinejad, "Tafawut Makarim Akhlak wa Mahasin Akhlak ", shafi na 6.
  7. ↑ Motahari, Yadashtahaye Ustad, 2005, juzu’i na 6, shafi 478.
  8. ↑ Ibn Arabi, Tafsiril Ibn Arabi, 1422H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 84.
  9. ↑ Ibn Arabi, Tafsir Ibn Arabi, 1422H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 395.
  10. ↑ Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Barasi Dalali Hadis Makarem al-Akhlaq", shafi na 141.
  11. ↑ Hadi, “Makaram al-Akhlaq; Fajuheshi Piramun Riwayat Tettimim Makarem Akhlaq, shafi na 322; Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Bincike akan dillalin Hadisi Makarem al-Akhlaq", shafi na 141.
  12. ↑ Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Barasi Dalali Hadis Makarem al-Akhlaq", shafi na 141.
  13. ↑ Hadi, “Makaram al-Akhlaq; Fajuheshi Pramun Riwayat Tettimim Makarem Akhlaq, shafi na 333.
  14. ↑ Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Barasi Dalali Hadis Makarem al-Akhlaq", shafi na 143.
  15. ↑ Karajki, Risala Al-Alawiyyah, 1427 AH, shafi na 11.
  16. ↑ Tabarsi, Majmam al-Bayan, 1372, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 500.
  17. ↑ Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Barasi Sanadi Hadith Makarem Al-Akhlaq", shafi na 105.
  18. ↑ Tabarsi, Makarem al-Akhlaq, 1412 AH, shafi na 8.
  19. ↑ Mansub be Imam Rida, Fiqhul Riza (AS), 1406 Hijira, shafi na 353.
  20. ↑ Tusi, Al-Amali, 1414H, shafi na 596.
  21. ↑ Bayhaqi, Al-Sunan al-Kubra, 1424H, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 323.
  22. ↑ Malik bin Anas, Al-Muwatta, 2004, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 1330.
  23. ↑ Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Ahmad, 2001, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 512-513.
  24. ↑ Bukhari, Al-Adab al-Mufard, 1409H, shafi na 104.
  25. ↑ Arefinia and Mohammadi, "Barasi Sanadi Hadith Makarem Al-Akhlaq", shafi na 120.
  26. ↑ Bostani, Farhang Abjadi, 1375, shafi na 855.
  27. ↑ Hadi, “Makaram al-Akhlaq; Fajuheshi Piramun ruwayat Tettimim Makarem Akhlaq”, shafi na 327.
  28. ↑ Misali, duba Kulaini, al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 55; Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 67, shafi na 367-375.
  29. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 56.
  30. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 55.
  31. ↑ Tusi, Al-Amali, 1414H, shafi na 596.
  32. ↑ Falsafi, Sharhi Du'a'u Makaram al-Akhlaq, 1386, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 197.
  33. ↑ >Falsafi, Sharhi Du'a'u Makaram al-Akhlaq, 1386, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 198
  34. ↑ Alinejad, "Tafawut Mukarim Akhlak wa Mahasin AKhlak, shafi na 8.
  35. ↑ Falsafi, Sharhi Du'a'u Makaram al-Akhlaq, 1386, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 198

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